Introduction: The use of mulch films is prevalent in modern agriculture for moisture retention and weed control. However, the environmental impacts of non-biodegradable films are concerning. Objective: To evaluate the effects of biodegradable and non-biodegradable mulch films on soil health and crop yield in different climatic conditions. Methods: This study conducted a two-year field trial in three distinct climatic zones with randomized plots using biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) films and conventional polyethylene (PE) films. Soil health indicators, including organic matter content, microbial activity, and moisture retention, were measured, alongside crop yield assessments. Results: Biodegradable mulch films showed enhanced soil microbial activity and organic matter content compared to non-biodegradable films. Crop yield was comparable between the two film types, although biodegradable films demonstrated better soil moisture retention in arid zones. Conclusion: Biodegradable mulch films offer an environmentally friendly alternative with comparable agricultural performance, promoting sustainable farming practices.

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