The study aims to assess the chemical composition, hypoglycemic effect, and antioxidant activity of Coriandrum sativum essential oil, focusing on its impact on glutathione peroxidase and antidiabetic effects on the pancreas and kidney in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups, with diabetes induced in two. Coriandrum sativum essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography and administered to one group (40 mg/kg b.w. orally) for 21 days according to its LD50. Serum glucose and glutathione levels were measured, and histological examination of the kidney and pancreas was conducted. Results indicated that the major components of coriander oil are linalool (40.9%), geranyl acetate (12.8%), and γ-terpinene (10.6%). In the diabetic group, coriander essential oil significantly reduced serum glucose from 162.5±3.19 mg/dl to 72.96±1.73 mg/dl (p<0.05) and increased glutathione peroxidase levels from 59.72±2.78 u/g Hb to 124.83±2.31 u/g Hb (p<0.05). The kidney and pancreas of diabetic rats treated with coriander showed protective effects against diabetic pathological changes. The findings confirm the hypoglycemic and antioxidant activity of Coriandrum sativum L. oil, suggesting synergistic action of its bioactive compounds in improving diabetic conditions.

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