Phytochemical Ethnobotany Medicinal Plants Traditional Medicine Plant Chemistry

Ethnobotanical studies and phytochemical screening were carried out for selected medicinal plants from District Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. For the ethnobotanical study, the botanical name, family, local name, and medicinal uses of collected plants were described. The selected plants were: Saussurea lappa (Dene) Sch.Bip, Senecio chrysanthemoides D.C, Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex Sweet, Polygonum amplexicaule D. Don, Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf ex Holmes, Aconitum heterophyllum Stapf, Skimmia laureola (D.C) Sieb and Zucc ex Walp, Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Sternb, and Angelica glauca Edgew, belonging to seven families. Different parts of these plants are used as medicines against various diseases in Arang-Kel. Qualitative and quantitative methods were employed to determine the presence of secondary metabolites. Tannins were detected in all plant species except Saussurea laureola. Phlobatannin was detected only in Saussurea lappa. Flavonoids were absent only in Aconitum chasmanthum, while aqueous extracts of all plants showed the presence of saponin, glycosides, and terpenoids. The highest tannins were found in Senecio chrysanthemoides, while the lowest concentration was recorded in Angelica glauca. Bergenia ciliata showed the highest alkaloid content, and the least was recorded in Aconitum heterophyllum. The highest concentration of flavonoids was recorded in Polygonum amplexicaule. Aconitum heterophyllum revealed the highest concentration of phenolic compounds, while the lowest concentration of phenols was recorded in Saussurea laureola.

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