This study explores the adaptive mechanisms and resilience strategies of urban flora in response to environmental changes such as pollution and urbanization. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of plant species diversity across several major cities, focusing on their physiological and morphological adaptations. Our findings reveal that urban flora exhibit remarkable resilience through phenotypic plasticity and symbiotic relationships, contributing to biodiversity conservation in metropolitan areas. This research highlights the importance of green spaces in cities as refuges for biodiversity and as essential components of urban ecosystem services.

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