Introduction: Chronic periodontitis is one of the most frequent periodontal diseases in the adult population with poor oral hygiene. It is a disease caused by the bacterial biofilm, its primary cause being a bacterial infection whose main aetiological agents. As a result, inflammation of the supportive tissues results in large concentrations of neutrophil elastase that are released into the inflamed periodontium and can act in the early stages of tissue destruction and progression of periodontitis. Objective: The objective of this article was to perform a literary review on the clinical use of biomaterials in infra-bony lesions caused by chronic periodontitis. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the most effective types of biomaterials, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Methods: A study was conducted through literature review in which articles were searched in electronic databases such as EBSCO HOST, SCIELO, MEDLINE (via PubMed), GOOGLE ACADEMIC in the publication period from 2007 to April 2017, having articles passed by inclusion criteria, demonstrating its importance and scientific reliability. Chronic periodontitis, infra-bony lesions, use of biomaterials and periodontal diseases were used as descriptors. We selected 29 articles in English and 7 in Portuguese, totaling 36 publications. Major findings and conclusion: After careful review of the literature, it can be concluded that the use of biomaterials in the treatment of periodontal infra-bony lesions caused by chronic periodontitis has good applicability and predictability. It is a general consensus among the authors that the infra-osseous treatment of periodontal lesions with biomaterials has a more favorable prognosis than the classic periodontal flap.

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