Vitamin D Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Endocrinology Nutrition Health

Background: The biochemical role of the vitamin D (VD) endocrine system, particularly its potential anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties, has increased interest in its role in the prevention and control of diabetes mellitus. Aim: This study evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of VD in reducing the harmful effects of both types of diabetes mellitus. Main methods: Fifty male Wistar rats (six-weeks-old) were divided into 5 groups: a placebo group injected intraperitoneally with citrate buffer (pH 4.5); a nongenetic model type 1 diabetic rats group (T1D), injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg, ip); a nongenetic model type 2 diabetic rats group (T2D), subjected to a short term high-fat diet (HFD) followed by a low single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg, ip); the fourth group was administered VD, vidropR (1000 IU/kg) by gavage three days after T1D induction and daily throughout the experiment; the fifth group received the same VD treatment three days after T2D induction. The experimental period lasted 60 days. Key findings: VD decreased fasting plasma glucose, ketoacidosis, interleukin-6, HOMA-IR of insulin resistance and increased fasting plasma insulin, ISOGTT index of insulin sensitivity, and IGI/IR of β–cell function. Significance: These results suggest that VD ameliorates the biochemical impacts of diabetes mellitus by enhancing insulin secretion, sensitivity, and β-cell function, while reducing proinflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance.

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