The development of IES technology resolves issues of energy safety, improve social efficiency, and renewable energy sources. There are many potential benefits associated with IES technologies. It is being known now as an important strategic research direction in the field of international energy. Renewable energy sources play an important role in the modern energy system. Rapid adoption of distributed generation sources and micro grids powered by renewable sources like photovoltaic, wind, tidal, fuel cells is being reported as one of the major results of increasing global demand for energy all over the world. Two types of sizing methods viz. iterative method and artificial intelligence method are being used. Modern techniques, based on single artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, are more popular than classical algorithms owing to their capabilities in solving complex optimization problems. Optimal sizing of a stand-alone integrated renewable energy system (IRES) which may be comprised of micro hydro power (MHP), biogas, biomass, solar, wind energy etc. is an important research problem. It is modelled as a demand response (DR) strategy based on energy consumption scheduling of appliances. Multi-objective optimization with stochastic modelling becomes necessary to correctly identify the trade-offs between cost and reliability. Other technical issues are system stability, voltage at point of common coupling (PCC) and system integrating distributed generation. Integrating hybrid distributed generation in a distribution network requires an advanced controller, which is critical for ensuring high quality and stability of voltage at PCC and frequency of the power system. For controlling voltage at PCC and for controlling system frequency and making system stable, controller is used for Proportional-Integral (PI) & Proportional-Integral Derivative (PID) controllers are being considered for investigation. Pareto-based approaches are more efficient way to obtain good solutions close to global optimum. Stand-alone Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (SA-HRES) contains more than one objective function and many constraints. Reliability assessment helps in assessment by power system operators, planners, designers and engineers. Reliability assessment optimizes the power outage cost. A Non-linear robust control technique using improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) control is reported to have been implemented as a master control technique for the control of interlinking converter (IC) between AC and DC micro grids.

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