cognitive behavioral therapy anxiety disorders cultural adaptation generalized anxiety disorder treatment efficacy cross-cultural psychology

The global prevalence of anxiety disorders necessitates effective therapeutic interventions that are adaptable across various cultural contexts. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) among diverse populations, examining cultural influences on treatment outcomes. Our research was conducted across three sites: Jordan, Senegal, and the United States. Participants, diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), were randomly assigned to undergo a standardized CBT program over 12 weeks. Data were collected using pre- and post-treatment assessments including the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Our findings revealed significant reductions in anxiety symptoms across all population groups, with a noted variation in the pace of symptom improvement linked to cultural factors. Specifically, participants from collectivist cultures showed slower initial progress, yet reported higher satisfaction and adherence rates by the program's conclusion. These results underscore the importance of culturally sensitive adaptations in CBT protocols to enhance efficacy. In conclusion, CBT proves to be a versatile intervention for anxiety disorders, but its success can be significantly bolstered by considering cultural dimensions in therapy design and implementation.

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