Leptospirosis is an emerging acute zoonotic infection caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira, with a high prevalence in tropical and subtropical countries. According to the Ministry of Public Health's database on leptospirosis cases during the years 2023- 2020, the year with the highest number of reported cases was 2022 with 240 cases, followed by 2023 with 222 cases. Regarding gender, the highest number of leptospirosis cases reported during the study period was male, and the average age was between 29 and 39 years. The department with the highest number of cases reported in 2023 was Antioquia with 38 cases, followed by Tolima, Bogotá, Santander, and Cundinamarca. In 2022, the department with the highest number of cases was Huila, followed by Antioquia, Tolima, Santander, and Risaralda. While in 2021 and 2020, the department with the highest incidence was Antioquia, followed by Tolima and Bogota. The occurrence of leptospirosis is significantly associated with several host characteristics, such as male gender and working age group; social and environmental determinants remain the main variables.
Fuel Efficiency regarding weight of the automobile is a major issue. To reduce the weight of the vehicle and to satisfy the safety of the automobile is a challenging task. Bumper is one of the main parts which are used as protection for passengers from front and rear collisions. In this study, the most important variables like material and impact conditions are studied for analysis of the bumper beam in order to improve the crashworthiness during collision. The Low velocity impact testing is simulated using LS DYNA at a speed of 4 kmph. This speed is according to regulations of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, FMVSS 208- Occupant Crash Protection, whereby the purpose and scope of this standard specifies requirements to afford impact protection for passengers. In this research, the various bumper materials like Steel, Aluminum, Glass Mat Thermoplastics (GMT), Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) and Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics (LFRT)were selected for the crash performance of front bumper beam using Finite Element Analysis. These materials were studied by impact modeling to determine the Kinetic Energy, displacement and impact force. The selected materials are compared to each other for the design parameters like shape, material and impact condition. Simulation is done using Finite Element Analysis software, LS DYNA. The results shows LFRT bumper can reduce the impact of collision with higher performance and was suggested to replace Steel, Aluminum, GMT and SMC. The impact duration for LFRT was the shortest compared to Steel, Aluminum, GMT and SMC.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the buckling behavior of the steel rectangular plates with circular and square cut outs under uniaxial in-plane compressive loading in elasto-plastic range with various loading bands using the numerical and the experimental methods. The plates are free on right and left sides and simply supported at the side under loading whereas the opposite side is either clamped or simply supported. The lower edge of the plates (with simply or clamped support conditions) always are loaded under full length load band, while upper edge of plates always are loaded by a simply support condition with various load bands. Some effective parameters on the buckling of plates have been studied separately and the required data for analysis have been gained through the experimental tests. The finite element Abaqus software has been used for the numerical analysis and a set of servo hydraulic INSTRON8802 was applied in the experimental tests. Numerical and experimental results show good agreement with each other.
Present work shows a dynamic and computational modeling for anthropometric of athletes. According to this technique, in this work an improved modeling based on measurements was classified and compared with a special type of skulls of sportswomen with other anthropometric classes of sportswomen. On the other hand present work compares the anthropometric data for blood pressure of runner related to runner velocity (running time) and runner stature in two cases. Consequently, the results of this work will help to reduce the risk of sportswomen activities.\nKey words: Anthropometric; body motion; dynamic modeling; regression; computational model.
This article is related to the experimental data regarding the ability of MRET Noise Field Generator (MRET NFG) placed at the distance of 7 feet from “phantom head” exposed to RF phones radiation to reduce specific absorption rate (SAR) of the water based solution inside “phantom head”. The core part of Generator is MRET polymer compound. Due to the fractal geometry structure of MRET polymer compound and the phenomenon of piezoelectricity, this polymer generates subtle, low frequency, non-coherent electromagnetic oscillations (composite noise field) that can modify RF signals as a result of superposition phenomenon. The superposition of composite noise field generated by MRET Generator on RF microwave signals leads to amplitude modulation of RF signals where random low frequency signal generated by MRET Generator is a modulating signal and original microwave signal is a modulated one. The low frequency, non-coherent electromagnetic oscillations (noise field) can affect the hydrogen lattice of the molecular structure of water and subsequently modify the electrodynamic properties of water [Smirnov 2008]. The increase of dielectric permittivity of water finally leads to reduction of the absorption rate of electromagnetic field (SAR) of the water-based jelly which simulates living tissue. The reduction of SAR values is confirmed by the research conducted at FCC certified RF Exposure Laboratory, Escondido, California. The influence of MRET Noise Field Generator signals on RF phones in this experiment does not change location of “Hot Spot”. The “Hot Spots” remain in the same location as without the influence of generator, and their amplitudes decrease in 80% of data points. This test also confirmed that the placement of MRET Generator at the distance of 7 feet from “phantom head” exposed to RF phones does not significantly affect the air measurements of RF phone signals and subsequently does not lead to any significant distortion of transmitted RF signals [Moulton 2007].
Microemulsification of orange peel oil (OPO) with different surfactants (T20, T60, T80 and lecithin) and cosurfactants (ethanol, propanol and butanol) to encapsulate OPO were studied in 1:1 surfactant:cosurfactant ratio and their phase diagrams were constructed. The monophase microemulsion regions were analysed by viscosity and conductivity measurements. The particle sizes of microemulsions were determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS). It was found that microemulsion forming ability of OPO was dependent to the surfactant and cosurfactant type. Between the surfactants, T60 and T80 exhibited the highest ability in forming microemulsion with OPO. The conductivity measurements of microemulsion systems showed that the conductivity of the microemulsions depends upon water content and O/W microemulsions formed at higher water content. The viscosity results showed that the viscosity of the solutions increased at first and then showed a sharp declining. Dynamic light scattering results showed that the particle sizes of the OPO capsules in O/W microemulsions with 1% wt. oil were less than 20 nm. It can be concluded that T60 is a good surfactant in terms of OPO entrapment in an aqueous solution as it gave the broadest region of O/W microemulsion.
Genetic algorithm and partial least square (GA-PLS), kernel PLS (GA-KPLS) and Levenberg- Marquardt artificial neural network (L-M ANN) techniques were used to investigate the correlation between capacity factor (k\') and descriptors for 40 nanoparticle compounds which obtained by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) stationary phases consisting of thin films of gold-centered monolayer protected nanoparticles (MPNs) system. The applied internal (leave-group-out cross validation (LGO-CV)) and external (test set) validation methods were used for the predictive power of models. The correlation coefficient LGO-CV (Q2) between experimental and predicted k\' for training set by GA-PLS, GA-KPLS and L-M ANN was 0.872, 0.931 and 0.981, respectively. This indicates that L-M ANN can be used as an alternative modeling tool for quantitative structure–retention relationship (QSRR) studies.
Knowledge management is regarded as one of the most fascinating and controversial subjects of business management; and its application scope is extending in the same way as other fields of management. Nonaka and Takochi (1995) proposed a model which resulted in novel transformation in knowledge management. Though the subsequent complementary studies and investigations enriched the concept, but the same trend is still maintaining. Many organizations seeking for establishment of knowledge management have taken the measures for extensive investments in information technology. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of information technology infrastructures (network and human resources) in establishment of knowledge management (knowledge creation (generation), knowledge sharing (transfer), and knowledge application) in Communications Company of Sistan & Baluchestan Province. This study is classified as an applied research regarding the objective; and its methodology is descriptive-survey approach. The statistical society includes all the employees of Communications Company of Sistan & Baluchestan Province. The results obtained from the data analysis imply existence of relations between the variables.
