The pharmacokinetic features of doxycycline (5mg/kg) were investigated after single intravenous (IV) injection and oral administration either alone or co-administered with ketoprofen (3mg/kg) and under febrile condition (Escherichia coli induced fever) in rabbits. The pharmacokinetic parameters of doxycycline were determined by the non-compartmental model with WinNonlin 4.1 software. Following oral treatment with doxycycline alone, the bioavailability was 97.82%. The value of the area under plasma concentration- time curve from 0 to infinite (AUC0-∞) was significantly lower in febrile rabbits ( 101.42 ± 17.73 µg*h/ml) than healthy rabbits received doxycycline alone orally ( 169.37 ± 10.35 µg*h/ml), whereas total body clearance was significantly higher in febrile rabbits than healthy ones administered doxycycline alone. These changes in pharmacokinetic parameters may influence the dose-schedule of doxycycline when used in febrile conditions. A 12-h oral dosing interval of 5 mg/kg is recommended to be effective against rabbit pathogens. In contrast, the pharmacokinetic parameters of doxycycline following concurrent administration with ketoprofen were not significantly varied compared to those after its administration alone. This suggests no need for changing the dose regimen of doxycycline when administered simultaneously with ketoprofen and thus both drugs can be administered concomitantly for management of infection and painful conditions in rabbits.
The usage of flexible endoscopes in the gastrointestinal tract (G.I.T) is considered a revolution in the diagnostic tools of the gastroenterology. It is a noninvasive technique for evaluating the lumen and mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. It is applied for esophagoscopy and gastroscopy combined with the normal anatomical correlations. The present study carried out on apparently healthy five mongrel dogs which admitted to surgical clinic of veterinary medicine and four other dogs used for normal dissection. In this study, there was combination between anatomical, endoscope and radiograph to capture endoscopic image and at the same time take x-ray film along the different parts of the esophagus and the stomach. This study clarified the different directional changes with anatomical interpretations and gave imaginary picture in the endoscopist mind about the overall shape and directions of the insertion tube during the esophagus and the stomach examination. This study used for detecting the normal endoscopic anatomy as well as using canine model for educational training of the endoscopic examination of the esophagus and the stomach to avoid the mucosal injury and perforation along their walls.
The study evaluated the effects of bioactive compounds of Anacardium humile ethanolic extract (AHEE) adsorbed on polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres on the oxidative stress of mononuclear blood cells (MN) in co-culture with MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells, blood MN cells and the co-culture were pre-incubated with AHEE, PEG microspheres or AHEE adsorbed on PEG microspheres (PEG-AHEE). The antioxidant capacity of the AHEE compounds, bioassays were determined. AHEE contained DPPH (22 ?mol trolox.g-1), ABTS (45.2 ?mol trolox.g-1), FRAP (163.4 �mol trolox.g-1), carotenoids (69 �g ?-carotene.g-1 and, total phenolic compounds (189.8 mg galic acid.100g-1). 11.47% of total identified phenolic compounds were flavonoids, of which 11.17% was expressed as flavanol epicatechin and 0.30% as flavonol quercetin. Phenolic acids, expressed as chlorogenic acid, represented 0.91% of total phenolic compounds. The viability and rheological parameters were similar between cells and their co-culture. Superoxide decreased in MN and MCF-7 cells treated with PEG-AHEE microsphere but increased in the co-culture. The results suggest that Anacardium humile extract adsorbed on PEG microspheres displays antioxidant capacity and can modulate the oxidative stress of blood MN cells in co-culture with MCF-7 cells.
There is extensive engineering literature concerning the prediction of pressure in a silo. The great majority of them are based on continuum theories. The friction between the stored material and the silo wall as well as the inclination of the hopper at its base are considered to be the most influential parameters for flow pattern within the silo. In this paper, the filling and discharge of a planar silo with a hopper at its base has been modelled using DEM. The DEM computations were analyzed to evaluate the wall pressure distribution at different stages during filling and discharge. Experimental results have been used to validate the computational numerical model. The spatial distribution and time history of the pressure acting on the vertical silo walls predicted by the DEM model are found to resemble well the test results.
The effects of early stress in neurobiology depend on the nature and timing of the applied stress because development is rapid and brain plasticity at the beginning of the postnatal period is very sensitive to environmental changes. This work investigates the effects of chronic exposure to postnatal stress of mother-offspring separation on the neurobehavioral development of the offspring in adulthood throughoutthe exploration of depressive behavior on the one hand and the exploration of corticotropic hormone ACTH on the other hand. Rat pupsin the Separation Stressgroup (SS) were separated from their mothers for 3 hours daily from 9am to 12pm from the 3rd to the 14th postnatal day (n = 8).Another batch (T) underwent Notype of stress (n = 8) was subject of this study.The behavioral study was conducted using the forced swim test at D65.On day 70, a blood sample was taken after decapitation of the two groupsfor the purpose of assaying the adrenocorticotropic hormoneACTH. The results showthat early stress of maternal separation by 3 hours in adult male rats induces an increase in depressive behavior and a significant increase in the ACTH level involved in the corticotropic axis. \n \nKeywords: Postnatal stress, maternal separation, behavior, depression, ACTH
