Cigarette smoke closely related with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarettes contain 1015-1017 free radicals and more than 4700 chemicals, that can cause inflammation in the lungs. This study aims to look at the protective effect of ethanolic extract of P. ostreatus on cigarette smoke-induced lung toxicity in rat.\n This experimental used 24 rats divided into: Group I (normal), group II (negative control), Group III (treatment-ethanolic extract of P. ostreatus 250 mg/KgBB rat/day) and Group IV (comparison-NAC 600 mg/day). Group II, III and IV was given 1 hour/day/group of cigarette smoke exposure. The lung toxicity will be seen from the histopathological and hemolytic profile.\n Histopathological injury analyzed using Annova and showed significant results (p≤0,01) and post-hock test with bonferoni (p≤0,01) showed that the ethanolic extract of P. ostreatus was significantly different from negative control. The results of examination of leukocytes, lymphocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit, showed no significant results (p= 0.14) with the Fisher extract test.\n The conclusion shows that the ethanolic extract of P. ostreatus can prevent lung toxicity in on cigarette smoke-induced Lung Toxicity in rat. Ethanolic extract of P. ostreatus has good antioxidant potential.
This work targets elevate the effect of using grape seed and pumpkin oil on biscuits quality and the effect of feeding by biscuits containing polyunsaturated fatty acids on hypercolesterolmia rats. Biscuits are prepared by substituting sunflower oil with grape seed or pumpkin oil , their mixture is at a ratio 0.50% (w/w).Present study demonstrates using polyunsaturated fatty acids in making biscuits increased the nutritional value and improved the functional properties. Results denote that the grape seed oil has a high amount of free fatty acids including two dominant fatty acids (linoleic, and oleic) that presented as foregone and stearic acid by 4.35%. Pumpkin oil contains oleic and stearic with a relative distribution of 28.2% and 4.012% respectively. Polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL thus reducing the bad effect of hypercholesterolemia rats. The results prove the improvement of liver and kidney function. The histopathology examination of liver, heart and kidney has recorded more normal results in groups fed with polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to positive control. Nevertheless, grape seed and pumpkin oil have a healthy effect due to the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids to reduce serum lipids profile and improve liver and kidney functions
Cerebral Coenurosis is a disease of nervous system in goats. Though the cyst is primarily localized in the central nervous system of sheep and goats. Therefore, the aim of the work is to determine the topography of the skull of goats to locate the most suitable surgical approaches for conducting the trephining operation away from the sites rich in blood vessels in order to avoid fatal bleeding during surgery. For the arterial blood supply study, ten goat�s head were used for this study. 3 different techniques used for the arterial blood supply study. Four C. Coenurosis cases admitted to the veterinary clinics were subjected to computerized tomography for accurate diagnosis. The best sites for conducting the trephining operation were; site 1, 2 cm rostral to the base of the cornual process and site 2, 5 cm caudal to the lateral canthus of the eye. The examination of the affected brain allocated using CT scan. The arterial supply results obtained showed that the blood supply to the brain of goat is through the internal carotid, maxillary, occipital and a little contribution from the vertebral arteries. The maxillary and occipital arteries are shared in the formation of the rete mirabile cerebrale. The internal carotid artery formed the circle of Willis through the rostral communication of the rostral cerebral arteries of both sides and the caudal communication of the both caudal communicating arteries (left and right). In conclusion, two novel sites based on anatomical land marks with minimal bleeding areas were described.
The study aims to investigate the mediating and moderating effects of environmental concerns and environmental awareness. Further, this study examines the determinants of young consumer�s purchase intention for organic food using the theory of planned behaviour in the context of Pakistan. A quantitative study was conducted using a convenience sampling method. A survey questionnaire (515 usable samples) are analysed employing structural equation modelling. Results indicate that attitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norms are positive affects young consumers� purchase intention. On the other hand, Environmental concern has a significant effect on the purchase intention of young consumer towards organic food. Whereas, Environmental concern significantly mediates the relationship between attitude and purchase intention of young consumers. More meaningfully, environmental awareness moderates the relationship between attitude, subjective norms, perceived behaviuor control and purchase intention of young consumers. We conclude that the present article provides empirical evidence that high-awareness groups will willingly participate in environmental behaviours, and attitude plays a crucial role in determining the behaviour of these consumers. Meanwhile, low awareness groups would less actively be involved in environmental behaviour; low awareness is likely to be a response to social norms rather than attitudes.