Background: A total of 297 individuals of the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus were trapped between spring in 2017 and winter in 2018 from three aquatic habitats in the Nile Delta.\nResults: The Infestation level of parasites were highest in the fish farm (898 worms) followed by the River Nile (809 worms) and Mansouria Canal (728 worms). The cestode Polyonchobothrium clarias was the most intense (685 worms), followed by the digeneans Allocreadium sudanensis (637 worms) and then Orientocreadium batrochoides (378 worms). The nematodes Paracamallanus cyathopharynx and Procamallanus laeviconchus were moderately intense (353 and 205 worms, respectively). The digenean Astiotrema sp. attained lower intensity (168 worms), however only nine cestode worms belonging to Monobothriodes sp. were collected from the intestine of the catfish from the three habitats. Morphometric data were also given for water samples analysis and variations of infestation were discussed.\nConclusion: The high infestation level in the fish farm is may due to the high pollution level and low water flow. Phosphorus, pH value and biological oxygen demand and Iron showed high positive significant correlations with the prevalence values of various endoparasites infesting catfish, C. gariepinus. On the other hand, water temperature, Lead and Cadmium exhibited high negative significant correlations with the prevalence values.
This paper examines numerically the thermal and flow field characteristics of the laminar steady natural convection flow in a square enclosure filled with hybrid nanofluid with two heater and cooler sources with random temperature (based on the random function) embedded within, walls of the cavity are considered adiabatic. The fluid inside the enclosure is a water based hybrid nanofluid containing different types of solid spherical nanoparticles (Ag and Ag-TiO2). Based on the numerical results, the effect of the dominant parameters such as; volume fraction of nanoparticles (φ=0.025, 0.1), types of temperature (constant, random) and types of ((Ag or Ag-TiO2)-water) are examined using the finite volume method.Comparisons with previously numerical works are performed and good agreements between the results are observed. It is found that nanoparticles addition remarkably enhances heat transfer in the cavity for (φ=0.1). Besides, the effect of temperature’s type is more pronounced at higher Rayleigh number.
In this paper, the structure and optical properties of Eu3+-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were studied. The results obtained by X-ray diffractometer patterns confirmed that the doping of Eu3+ ions into a nanostructured TiO2 substrate prevents the crystalline formation and delays the variation of the phase structure as compared with the pure TiO2 nanoparticles. The optical measurements showed that Eu3+ ions located on the surface of an amorphous TiO2 matrix cause the photoluminescence phenomenon.
Introduction: Chronic periodontitis is one of the most frequent periodontal diseases in the adult population with poor oral hygiene. It is a disease caused by the bacterial biofilm, its primary cause being a bacterial infection whose main aetiological agents. As a result, inflammation of the supportive tissues results in large concentrations of neutrophil elastase that are released into the inflamed periodontium and can act in the early stages of tissue destruction and progression of periodontitis. Objective: The objective of this article was to perform a literary review on the clinical use of biomaterials in infra-bony lesions caused by chronic periodontitis. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the most effective types of biomaterials, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Methods: A study was conducted through literature review in which articles were searched in electronic databases such as EBSCO HOST, SCIELO, MEDLINE (via PubMed), GOOGLE ACADEMIC in the publication period from 2007 to April 2017, having articles passed by inclusion criteria, demonstrating its importance and scientific reliability. Chronic periodontitis, infra-bony lesions, use of biomaterials and periodontal diseases were used as descriptors. We selected 29 articles in English and 7 in Portuguese, totaling 36 publications. Major findings and conclusion: After careful review of the literature, it can be concluded that the use of biomaterials in the treatment of periodontal infra-bony lesions caused by chronic periodontitis has good applicability and predictability. It is a general consensus among the authors that the infra-osseous treatment of periodontal lesions with biomaterials has a more favorable prognosis than the classic periodontal flap.
In this study, the traditional model for sub-micron GaAs MESFETs has been modified. A seven-parameter nonlinear current–voltage (I–V) characteristics model for sub-micrometer range GaAs MESFETs has been developed. The effects of both drain-to-source voltage, VDS, and gate-to-source voltage, VGS, on the output conductance, gm, have been incorporated and investigated. For the comparison with published models, an improved mean square error (MSE) technique has been employed instead of root mean square (RMS) error technique. This kind of simulation has also been developed by the optimization of empirical constants of the model. Sub-micron range MESFETs of different aspect ratios have been calculated with greater accuracy by the modified model. The modified model should be a useful tool for the design of future integrated circuits with sub-micron gate length GaAs MESFETs.
Nowadays it is vital to predict the effects of sea level rise related to climate change. It is also important to study the triggered phenomena to avoid or minimize the flood disaster in areas near the coasts. The Lake of Maracaibo, located in the northeast of Venezuela, has the peculiarity of having an entrance of water from the Caribbean Sea through the Gulf of Venezuela, therefore, the amount of water it contains is related to sea level. The objective of this work is to identify possible flood areas on the shores of Lake Maracaibo as a consequence of the increase in sea level caused by climate change. Also an innovative method was used with the data from NASA\'s Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SRTM and an adaptation of Radio Mobile V software. 5.2.5 Freeware by VE2DBE. An attempt is made to add knowledge to help in making future decisions to minimize the risk. The results reveal well-defined risk areas. Recommendations are made to formulate plans and strategies to prevent the consequences due to their population condition and their economic importance.
The aim of this study is to determine the composition and percentage of fatty acids in marine algae species [Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, Ulva intestinalis Linnaeus (Synonym: Enteremorpha intestinalis Linnaeus-Nees), U. lactuca Linnaeus] and freshwater algae species [Cladophora fracta (O.F Müller ex Vahl) Kützing and Spirogyra weberi Kützing] and to compare species with each other. The algal samples were collected from five different areas along The Black Sea coast (Trabzon). Freshwater algae were also collected from Gümenek area of Yeşilırmak River, Tokat. The composition of fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography (GC). In all algae samples, palmitic acid (PA) was predominantly found. The palmitic acid levels in freshwater algae were lower than in marine algae. In S. weberi and C. fracta, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels were higher than the other algae. U. lactuca had 16.38% oleic acid (OA), and 77.03% saturated short-chain fatty acid. Linolenic acid (LA) was determined in high levels (9.75%) in S.weberi. In U. intestinalis, 19.09% saturated short-chain fatty acid and 80.73% saturated long-chain fatty acid were found. In all species, except U. intestinalis, saturated short-chain fatty acids were higher than saturated long-chain fatty acids. In S. weberi, the unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) were higher than saturated fatty acids (SA). Likewise, the 16:1 ω7 fatty acid in S.weberi is noteworthy. The unsaturated fatty acid levels detected in freshwater algae were greater than marine algae, and levels of palmitic acid in freshwater algae were less than marine algae.
We report the case of an adult man who developed distal phalangeal AVN of the right long finger 30 years after trauma. A 64-year-old right-handed man visited the clinic because of right long fingertip pain, which had begun 6 months ago, spontaneously. He was treated with incision and drainage, antibiotics medication at another clinic, for the diagnosis of felon, but his symptoms did not improve. The patient had no evidence of systemic disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed homogenous low-signal intensity in the marrow of the distal half of distal phalanx on the T1-weighted images. Operation showed that the distal phalangeal bone necrosis is accompanied with mild soft tissue inflammation. We removed the necrotic bone. Histopathological examination revealed that the lesion was an avascular necrosis of the bone with nonspecific soft tissue inflammation. 3 weeks after surgery the patient was no longer symptomatic. At 12-month follow-up, the patient was interviewed over the phone, being completely asymptomatic and doing well. We stress that physician should be in mind that there exists the chance of AVN of phalangeal bone when they encounter the patients complaining about the unknown origin finger pain after the treatment of fingertip infection.
This study examines whether the Board Characteristics have any an impact on Earnings Management, among the international Oil and Gas Corporation in the world. The Board Characteristics such as (board independence, board size, board diversity, and CEO duality). This study applied a quantitative research approach, secondary data, a sample of 71 corporations were selected from Top 250 corporations for a period of 1 year (2016). The findings of this study indicate that the board independence has a significant impact on the reduction of earnings management. In contrast, the board size does not have any impact on the reduction of earnings management, due the larger the board size, the less efficient the monitoring of the board. When there are more members on the board, it is more difficult for the board members to monitor the management, While the gender diversity has a significant impact on the reduction of earnings management, Finally, The CEO Duality has a significant impact on the increase of earnings management, which means the Separating the functions of CEO and Chair of the Board may enhance the Board of Directors’ monitoring and control ability, and improve Directors’ information processing capacities.
Background: Over the past 30 years, the number of dental implant procedures has been increasing worldwide, reaching about one million dental implants per year. In Brazil, in the last decades, there has been a very rapid evolution in implant dentistry with high success rates. Objective: This study aimed to review, through a systematic literature review, the processes that involve bone formation for dental implant, with the use of biomaterials such as fibrin-rich plasma and Bio-Oss®. Methods: Experimental and clinical studies were included (case reports, retrospective, prospective and randomized trials) with qualitative and / or quantitative analysis, following the rules of systematic review-PRISMA. The main descriptors (Mesh Terms) used were \"biomaterials\", \"Bio-Oss®\", \"Fibrin Rich Plasma\" and \"Implantology\". A total of 162 articles were found involving implantology and biomaterial. Results and conclusion: Literary findings have shown that Bio-Oss® and PRF work are essential for bone formation processes for dental implant, especially when combined.
