This paper describes the formation process of Zinc oxide (ZnO) p-type silicon nanowires (SiNWs) and etching depth on the electrical Schottky property. First, the sharp and self-aligned p-type SiNWs arrays are formed vertically by the metal-mask assisted AgNO3/HF chemical etching of Si wafers. Then, a ZnO/SiNWs heterojunction diode is fabricated by depositing ZnO thin film on the vertically aligned SiNWs arrays. The structural and electrical properties of the grown ZnO/SiNWs heterojunction diode are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and electrical current−voltage (I−V) measurements. From I-V experimental results, it is found that a well-characteristic diode behavior is revealed with a rectification ratio of 97.6 and a turn-on voltage of 0.5V under dark conditions. On the contrary, there is no rectified characteric is revealed just appearing the ohmic linear line while the etching time is over 30 minutes. This phenomenon may be resulted from the punch-through due to the over-etching process. By this kind of study based on the Schottky I-V characteristics with different conditions, it will also enhance us to understand the physical realization in this ZnO p-type SiNWs.
This article explores the relationship between education, legal discourse and racism. From the Critical Discourse Analysis perspective, the three general Laws of education of Colombia and the juridical and political texts that sustain them are analyzed. This analysis aims at revealing the discursive structures and strategies used to represent the indigenous people throughout 1870 and 1994. It is argued that there has been an attempt to make the representation of indigenous people invisible as social actors of the country. Moreover, they have been represented and constructed as uncivilized, savages and dispossessed. Education then became the device to remove them from this condition and lead them to social, economic and cultural development.
Medibamiebev\nHsvsjksos.
Different techniques have been proposed so far in steganography to embed a message. These techniques do not employ compression or encryption before embedding the message. The message is compressed or encrypted separately. A separate software module is required that needs more time and resources. Traditional software compression produces high overhead during compression stage in case of small message size. In order to overcome these problems we present a novel algorithm with higher embedding efficiency that incorporates compression, encryption and security along with a novel technique to hide a message. The message is pre-processed using a table of values. The values are created from the characters in the message. The technique splits a character code into two smaller parts. These are embedded at different locations to enhance the security. The main advantage of the algorithm is that the embedding efficiency increases as the embedding load is increased to the maximum value. A 24-bit RGB file is used as cover. Various parameters like Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) of image are calculated. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance and embedding efficiency.
Objective: This study was designed to analyze the long-term effect of nanocomposite\nfiltek Z350 XT (silica nanoparticles and silane-coated zirconia prior) in restoration of\nanterior tooth defects.\nMethods: 105 patients with anterior teeth defect were randomly divided into observation\nand control group. The observation group was treated with 3M Z350 XT resin composite\nwhile the control group was treated with kerr premisa resin composite. All the\nrestorations in oral cavity were clinically evaluated after 1, 3 and 5 years with reference\nto the modified version of United State public health service criterion.\nResults: One year after restoration, there was insignificant (P>0.05) difference in\nsecondary caries, marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, color suitability and\nstructural morphology between the two groups while after 3 and 5 years of restoration,\nthe caries, edge integrity, edge discoloration, color suitability and structural morphology\nwere significantly (P<0.05) better in observation group than control group. For aesthetics\nsatisfaction, after 1 year of repair there was insignificant (P>0.05) difference between the\ntwo groups while after 3 and 5 years of repair, the aesthetic satisfaction in the observation\ngroup was 98.3% and 88.3% respectively.\nConclusion: Compared to Kerr premisa nano-resin composite, the 3M Z350 XT\nnano-resin was more effective in long-term success restoration of anterior defect teeth\nand more reliable in its repair effects.
Introduction: One of the main complaints found in the present services is the excessive gingiva exposed when smiling, that is, the gingival smile, which was being detrimental to the social life. The application of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic form to the surgical procedure is considered a conservative, fast, safe and less invasive method. Objective: The purpose of this study was to report, through a literature review, the use of resective gingival surgeries (gingivoplasty / gingivectomy) when associated with the application of botulinum toxin for the treatment of gingival smile. Methods: A study was conducted through articles published in the electronic database such as EBSCO HOST, SCIELO, MEDLINE (via PubMed), GOOGLE ACADEMMICO in the period 2009 to 2016. They all addressed the relationship between \"Gingivectomy / Gingivoplasty\" and \"Botulinum Toxin\", being restricted 9 in English and 13 in Portuguese, totaling 22 publications. The main descriptors (Mesh Terms) used were \"Gingivectomy / Gingivoplasty\" and \"Botulinum Toxin\". For further specification, the “clinical trials” description for refinement was added during searches, following the rules of systematic review-PRISMA. Major findings and conclusion: It was concluded that the association of resective gingival plastic surgeries with the application of botulinum toxin, are obtaining promising results in the treatment of gingival smile, especially in cases in which only the gingival surgeries would not be sufficient to leave the smile harmonic and pleasant to the patient, since this condition is disturbing for their self-esteem. Botulinum toxin presented several therapeutic purposes, however, in the treatment of gingival smile, it is characterized as an aesthetic, non-invasive, effective and safe alternative. Its effect is temporary, and its regression occurs over time, lasting about 3 months, and can be reapplied after this period. It should be emphasized that it is extremely important that the dental surgeon must be trained and qualified to perform these procedures.
ABSTRACT\nThe aim of this study is to compare certain physiological and motor features of visually impaired students who play sports and those who do not play sports in schools for the visually impaired in Turkey.In this context, 98 visually impaired students who played sports regularly (72 male, 26 female) and 189 visually impaired students who did not play sports regularly (110 male, 79 female) participated in our study. In the study, participants’ gender, age, height, body weight, body mass index, girth, and motor features such as flamingo balance test, flexibility, standing long jump, sit-up, bent arm hang, 10 x 5m shuttlerun, grip strength, vertical jump, abdominal strength, back strength, hip flexion strength, hip extension strength, leg flexion strength, leg extension strength, arm strength and arm extension strength were measured.During the strength measurements, Lovett’s Manual Muscle Strength Test was utilised. In the study, significant differences were found between visually impaired students who played sports and those who did not play sports in terms of age, height, grip strength, vertical jump, balance test, flexibility, long jump, sit-up, bent arm hang, 10 x 5m shuttle run, abdominal strength, back strength, hip flexion strength, hip extension strength, leg flexion strength, leg extension strength, arm flexion strength and arm extension strength (p<0.05).However, no significant differences were found in terms of body weight, body mass index or girth (p>0.05).Examination of the test results of the study reveals that visually impaired students who played sports had higher performance levels than those of students who did not play sports.It is recommended that visually impaired students, as well as being given physical education lessons, should take part in more mobility games and sporting activities, or that more mobility games and sporting activities should be included in course curricula. \n\nKeywords: Visually Impaired, Physiological Feature, Motor Feature, Disabled Sports\n\n*İnönü University,Health Sciences Institute, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Malatya\n**İnönü University, Sports Science Faculty, Department of PhysicalTraining and Sports Education for the Disabled, Malatya
Introduction: The evolution of dentistry in the last decade has brought with it the need to use techniques to increase the maxillary bone ridges, through bone grafts for the placement of dental implants. One of the most commonly encountered limitations in the dentist\'s daily routine is the absence of sufficient bone quantity for implant installation. In order to overcome this problem, bone grafts are frequently used, and the classical option is the autogenous grafts. Today there is an even greater need to solve the rehabilitation needs of atrophic borders, aesthetics and adjacent tissues. Objective: Was to make a bibliographical survey and to discuss the importance of the homogenous graft, as well as to describe the main care of its obtaining, storage and transplantation. Methods: The main descriptors (Mesh Terms) used were . For further specification, the “immediate loading” description for refinement was added during searches, following the rules of systematic review-PRISMA. A total of 165 articles were found involving . Initially, it was held the exclusion existing title and duplications in accordance with the interest described this work. After this process, the summaries were evaluated and a new exclusion was held. A total of 60 articles were evaluated in full, and 46 were included and discussed in this study. Conclusion: The donation and allocation of organs is a laborious and delicate process, which depends on the credit of the population in the system and the commitment of the professionals, since the most important aspect in the transplantation of musculoskeletal tissues is patient safety. The availability of allogenic bone has increased the number of reconstructive surgeries in Dentistry, especially in the area of Implant Dentistry, in addition to offering many patients an alternative more and less morbidity for their treatment.
Introduction: More than 60 million people in the United States have had an increase in their life expectancy due to the therapy of artificial tissues and organs, with every five people over 65 years old benefiting from in vitro generated tissues and organs. Only in 2016, the Unified Health System (SUS) spent more than 600 million reais with orthoses and prostheses. Objective: to respond to several information gaps by analyzing the biocompatibility of chitosan-collagen-genipine matrices in the presence of mesenchymal stem cells of human adipose tissue, investigating the intrinsic characteristics of these cells as the ability to differentiate the cultured cells in osteoblates, chondroblasts and adipocytes, immunophenotyping and proliferation in the biomatrixes. Methods: Ethics: The present study was evaluated and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Beneficência Portuguesa Hospital of São José do Rio Preto / SP, under number of approval process 030427/2015. Participants: For the development of the present study, two patients with ages between 20 and 30 years and candidates for an aesthetic procedure of liposuction were selected and accepted to donate the biological material (liposuction - adipose tissue) for the sole use of in vitro studies. Both patients signed the informed consent form. Results: The AMSCs maintained their characteristics of adhesion, proliferation, immunophenotyping and differentiation after culture in the biomatrixes, both before and after cryopreservation.Conclusion: The chitosan-collagen-genipin biomatrixes offer biocompatibility for adhesion, proliferation and biostimulation for the expression of cellular functions, mainly to stimulate the paracrine effects that lead to the process of tissue regeneration.