During the period of January – August 2009, a total of 180 quails Coturnix coturnix were collected from the local farms in Taif governorate KSA, and investigated for the intestinal parasites. 25 of the birds were found infected with helminth parasites. Three helminth species were isolated, one nematode (Heterakis gallinarum) and two cestodes (Choanotaenia infundibulum and Hymenolepsis sp.) and identified with the help of scanning electron microscopy. Light microscope observations for the infected intestine sections revealed mechanical damage to the mucosa and submucosal layers. The histological and pathological alterations might be are due to the type of tissue reaction exerting by the host itself, regardless the type of parasite (Cestodes or Nematodes).
This study was carried out under glasshouse conditions, at the king Faisal University in 2014, to investigate the effects of application rate higher than the recommended of two insecticides on the nutrient content of tomato plants. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with eight blocks of 5 plants each. Imidacloprid insecticide was used in the experiment at four application rates started from the recommended one of 50g a.i /100 L water, and (25, 100, and 150 g/100 L), the second experiment was with Methomyl insecticide (Lanomar, 90%, Shandong, China) at rate started from the recommended one of 35 g a.i /100L water and (15, 50 and 70 g/100 L.). The results showed that, the imidacloprid and Methomyl, in all treatments showed a significant phytotoxic effect on tomato\'s leaves of Al-Hassa local tomato cultivar (Hassawi) as compared to the control. Increasing the application rate than the recommended of both imidacloprid, and Methomyl caused a significant phytotoxic effect on the leaves of treated plant, the recommended application rate were moderately phytotoxic to tomato leaves. However, the lowest application rates of methomyl insecticide didn\'t show any phytotoxic symptoms on the treated plants, but the lowest rate at 25 g (a.i) of Imidacloprid caused light injury of phytotoxicity symptoms on the treated plants. The influences of foliar treatment on the nutrient content in the leaves and fruits of treated plants, revealed that, methomyl didn\'t showed any significant effect on the nutrient content of both leaves and fruits. But the Imidaclorprid insecticide at application rate higher than the recommended caused a significant reduction in the nitrogen content in both leaves and fruit of treated plants. However this study also revealed that, the increasing in application rate of both studied insecticides did not showed any significant alteration in the nutrient content of (Zn, K, Cu, Ca, Mg, and P) in both leaves and fruits of treated tomato.
Background: The expression of interleukin-1–receptor antagonist is reduced in pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, leading to impaired insulin secretion, decreased cell proliferation, and apoptosis. We designed this study to investigate whether the IL-1Ra polymorphism was associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the correlation effects of therapeutic with resveratrol.\n\nMethods: Genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction PCR amplification of the intron-2 fragment harboring a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) nucleotide sequences 86 bp of tandem repeat. The PCR products were separated on 2% agarose gel. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 11.5).\n\nResults: The genotype and allelic frequencies showed differ significantly between negative control\n vs. positive control and negative control, vs. diabetic (p-values: 0.001; 0.0001; 0.0018 and 0.001 respectively). Although, The presence of Allelic frequencies for Allele I between normal vs. Positive control t and Negative control, vs. Diabetic showed > 2 folds risk in Positive control and >3 folds in Diabetic (OR=2.3; 95% CI=0.796-8.620 & OR=2.1; 95% CI=0.972-10.265 respectively). Allele II between Negative control, vs. Positive control and Negative control, vs. diabetic showed > 3.5 folds risk in positive control t and >1.5 folds in diabetic (OR=3.45; 95% CI=0.836-9.210 & OR=1.63; 95% CI=0.892-9.11 respectively) and allele V between Negative control, vs. Positive control and Negative control vs. diabetic showed > 2 folds risk in Positive control t and >1.5 folds in diabetic (OR=1.99; 95% CI=0.821-9.10 & OR=1.95; 95% CI=0.882-8.975 respectively.\n\nConclusions: This may suggest that IL-1Ra appears to be affected by resveratrol stimuli as well as diabetic -associated factors. This is relatively a pilot study; but nevertheless, may assist in identifying the pathophysiological cause for diabetic.
Bioremediation is a process of removing detrimental pollutants from our environment. Some plant species have the ability to uptake various toxicants from our surrounding, hence, it may serve as biological indicators in the area. This study generally aimed to determine the ability of Allium cepa L. to take up environmental pollutants proving it bioindicator capacity for bioremediation using compound microscope. Moreover, this research specifically aimed to compare the cellular structures of a heathy and a polluted onion grown between a clean soil and waste water preparation. Due to toxic effects of environmental contaminants, tissue destruction was observed at its epidermis, bulb and roots, marking it unsafe for human consumption and indicating the presence of toxic compounds in its environment.
Aim. Describe the speech narrated by cases of chronic renal insufficiency in order to detect possible\nassociated factors in residents of this town in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Methods.An\nethnomethodologic qualitative study was conducted through the analysis of the narrative discourse of\n12 cases with chronic renal failure (CRF) in the population of the municipality of Hidalgo Tellez\nZempoala, Hidalgo, Mexico. Results. The narrative discourse of people with chronic renal failure\nincise that the cause of this disease is poor water quality or that they marry or have children among\nrelatives, apparently it is a common practice in this population. People have low socioeconomic status.\nExpress before taking “Jagüey” water, water is very dirty, brown, as if had copper. For years have been\nused to wash and prepare food, it leaves a white deposit and have even thrown the tea for this reason.\nConclusion. Kidney failure in this town requires attention by health authorities to immediately detect\nwith veracity the causes of alarming incidence of this disease.Keywords: Chronic Renal Failure, consanguinity effect, socioeconomic status, water quality.
The high-profile corporate governance (CG) failure scams (like the Stock Market scam, the UTI scam, Ketan Parikh scam, Satyam scam, etc.), which was severely criticized by the shareholders, called for a need to make CG in India transparent as it greatly affects the development of the country. The CG disclosure is a fundamental theme of the ‘modern’ corporate-regulatory system, which encompasses providing ‘governance’ information to the public in a variety of ways. Disclosure theory assumes the wide availability of information to users, increasing the level of corporate transparency and reducing information asymmetry common to the business environment. This study explores the voluntary CG practices of 50 corporations, over and above the mandatory requirements of Clause 49 of the Listing Agreement. In order to study the voluntary CG disclosure practices, a “content analysis” was done, and finally, a “CG Disclosure” Index was prepared. We have primarily used ‘secondary’ sources of information, both from the ‘Report on CG’ and the ‘Annual Reports’ for the financial year 2003-04 and 2004-05. As a part of voluntary CG disclosure, a total of 40 items have been selected from the CG section of the Annual Reports and proxy forms. In order to provide a comparison ‘across’ industries, corporations have been selected from four industries, viz., software, textiles, sugar and paper. Appropriate statistical tools and techniques have been applied for the analysis. It has been observed that “corporations are following less than 50 percent of the items of CG Disclosure Index. Moreover, there is no significant difference among the disclosure scores across the four industries.”
The diffusion anisotropy of azo-dye dispersed red-1 in a planar liquid crystals host (E7) was investigated by the real-time holographic diffraction-monitoring. The dependence of diffraction on the polarizations of excitation and probe beams are observed. The relaxation of the diffraction signal provided the diffusion behavior of the photoexcited isomers. The results were used to investigate the diffusion coefficients of dye molecules in both parallel and perpendicular directions respect to the initial orientation of the director of liquid crystals.
Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the levels of six heavy metals (Cd, pb, Fe, Zn, Cu and Hg) in muscle and skin of four fish species; spotted grouper (Epinephelus tauvina); barred mackerel (Scomberomorous commerson); parrot fish (Scarus frenatus) and Snubnose emperor (Lethrinus borbonicus) collected from the local market of Taif city. \nMethods: All fish species that arrive at Taif market usually collected by fishers from red sea of Jeddah area. The determination was carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after acid digestion of the examined tissue. \nResults: In general, muscles contained lower metal concentrations than skin. Comparing species, there was no significant difference in the mean concentration ( μg g-1 dry weight) of metals except Snubnose emperor muscle species that showed the lowest levels of Cd, Pb and Hg ( P < 0.05) while the skin of emperor showed significant low level of Cd and Pb (P <0.05) . Zn was found significantly higher (P <0.05) in barred mackerel species than other fish species. The highest level of Fe was found in skin of all tested fish species. \nConclusion: It was concluded that the level of metals (Cd, pb, Fe, Zn, Cu and Hg) in muscles and skin of tested fish species were within acceptable limits by FAO standards. Relatively high concentrations of heavy metals were found in skin of the examined species, which suggest not eating these fish skin and disposing them.
Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) represent up to 3% of all pancreatic neoplasm with significant increase in incidence during the last two decades. Most of PanNETs occur sporadically, but in 10% of cases could be related to genetic syndromes such as MEN1, VHL, NF-1 and TSC. PanNETs represent a heterogeneous group of tumors with different biology which determines clinical presentation, type of the treatment and prognosis. Based on the potential to produce hormones which can cause clinical symptoms and different immunohistochemical characteristics, PanNETs can be categorized as functional or nonfunctional. \nPatients and methods: From 2007. until 2015., 134 patients were surgically treated for neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors at Clinic for Digestive Surgery (HPB department), Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade. Diagnostic evaluation was performed by an endocrinologist in all of the patients. \nResults: There were 59 male and 72 female patients with a median age of 58.9 (18 to 83) years. Tumor was localized in the tail of the pancreas in 53 patients, 41 had tumor of the pancreatic head and 35 patients in the body of the pancreas. Five patients had simultaneous tumor in the tail and in the pancreatic body. Functional tumors were present in 31 patients (23.1%), and nonfunctional in 103 patients (76.9%). NET G2 tumors were most frequent and they were found in 62 patients (46.3%). There was no significant statistical difference between the type of the tumor and preoperative NSE (p=0.654) or Chromogranin A (p=0.696) serum levels. Median Ki 67 values were significantly higher in patients with nonfunctional PanNET (p<0.001). According to TNM classification, patients with functional panNETs were staged most frequently as T1N0 (45.2%), while patients with nonfunctional tumors had more advanced disease with T3N0 present in 38.9% patients (p<0.001). Parenchyma preserving surgical procedures were performed in 43.3% and extensive procedures in 56.7% of patients. Postoperative pancreatic fistula type A was detected in 23 cases (17.2%) and B fistula in 7 patients (5.2%). Most common complication was surgical wound infection in 42 patients (31.3%).\nConclusion: Diagnosis of PanNETs is established on various diagnostic procedures as well as histopathological and immunohistochemical confirmation and staging. We consider surgical treatment to be an effective and curative procedure for PanNETs.
A general problem of most solar distillers is the need for balance supply and demand of water over a long day period. A possibility to overcome such problem is by using a thermal energy storage integrated into the solar distiller in order to employ latent heat of fusion of phase change materials (PCMs). The present work experimentally investigates the use of a copper tube heat exchanger integrated with PCM placed inside the tube for energy storage. Two cases have been investigated in this work: Case1 without PCM and Case2 with PCM. The system performance and water productivity have been evaluated for the both cases every half an hour over a long day period from 10:00 am to 10:00 pm. The results indicated that the Case2 has lower water productivity by about 9% during the early hours of the day, as a part of solar heat is absorbed by the PCM. However, the productivity of Case2 has been extended in operation (continued after solar day hours), as compared to the Case1. The Case2 showed more effectivness and higher water productivity than the Case1 by about 26% over the long day period.
This paper presents a new design of circular polarised , microstrip (patch) antenna using a set of slits and slots to adapt the conventional corner truncated circular polarised square patch . This structure of antenna is designed to operate at 2.45 GHz in the ISM band and has many applications in data communications such as in Local area networking, personal area networking and radio frequency identification (RFID). The overall antenna size is 20 mm × 20 mm on a substrate of thickness 1.59 mm. Simplified lumped element circuit model of circular polarised square patch antenna had been derived. The circuit model had been simulated in ADS simulator and the S- parameters are compared with the obtained scattering parameter from simulating in CST simulator.
This paper dealing with ultrastructural study of spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis and spermatozoon of the genus proctoeces sp.(family, fellodistomidae, genus, proctoeces) by transmission electron microscope from platycephalus indicus fish as a first new host record to genus proctoeces in Egypt. Spermatogonia are spherical cells situated at the periphery of the testis, in contact with the testicular wall that divide mitotically, to give rise a rostte- like spermatocytes that divide forming early spermatids . Transmission electron microscopy shows that spermiogenesis consists of proximo-distal fusion of three processes followed by elongation of the spermatid.\nMature spermatozoon of proctoeces sp follow the same pattern of the digenean trematodes. It exhibits two axonemes of different length of the 9+1‟ trepaxonematan pattern, nucleus, two mitochondria, cortical microtubules, and granules of glycogen. A characteristic features of this species are, the cortical microtubules start to appear later in the anterior region of spermatozoon, occurrence of extra sheath surrounding the differentiation zone and the absence of external ornamentation of the plasma membrane.
The ultrastructure data are providing on the tegument of mature proglottids studied using transmission electron microscopy. The tegument is composed of a nucleated distal cytoplasm and tegumental perikarya. Five different types of microtriches have been observed on the tegumental surface of the ventral side of proglottis, while the dorsal side of the proglottids covered with three different types of microtriches. Marked differences found in the morphology of microtriches may be related to the different functions, they are performed. The distal cytoplasmic layer is connected to the perikarya by cytoplasmic bridges. There are two types of secretory bodies and mitochondria in the distal cytoplasm. Bundles of longitudinal and circular muscles are observed below the basal lamina. Various organelles, including ribosomes, mitochondria, Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum are present in the perikarya. Large lipid droplets are found in the nuclei of perikarya and may represent a characteristic of cylophyllidean cestodes.
Many thermal processes have been developed for energy production and waste disposal. Gasification systems have shown great improvement over time. The gasification technology has been developed from the most primitive fixed bed gasification system to the plasma gasification system. The plasma gasification system is based on the formation of ionized molecules under extreme heat. In this study, the effects of the reactant gases on plasma gasification products of municipal solid waste were investigated. Plasma, oxygen plasma, and steam plasma gasification carried out in a reactor at 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 0C temperatures. Methane, ethane, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide gases’ amounts, which are resultant of gasification, and also the energy values of the gases were determined for different temperatures.
Solar energy is abundant in rural areas in Iraq. As such, solar distillation is the best solution for Iraqi rural areas that suffer from a lack of distilled water. Solar distillation has many advantages and it uses freely available solar energy. It is a simple technology and more economical than other available methods. \nIn this study, a novel design was fabricated and installed in Baghdad city to solve a problem facing many hot climates using distillation, where the simple still productivity was paused for the period 12 AM to 3 PM. The results show that this proposed system increased productivity by 120.8% without any cooling aids. The still productivity was increased by 337.36% with the still cover cooling by forced convection (moving air with the help of a fan) after 4 PM. Moreover, using water to cool the lid after 4 PM increased productivity by 403% compared with simple solar still alone. The solar air temperature has the dominant effect on this problem. The reduction in energy lost to air, particularly during the time interval from 12 AM to 3 PM, pauses the distillation process. This results in reducing the evaporation energy that depends mainly on it. The cost of the proposed system was acceptable and within the means of people in remote areas.
Preserving historical sites and cultural heritage is vital to understanding our nation\'s heritage. Located in northern Jordan, Umm el-Jimal is home to almost two thousand years of fascinating history and culture as well as a vibrant modern community. The best-preserved Byzantine town in the Southern Hauran region, archaeological investigation has been underway on location for over a century. This paper aims to show the procedure of cultural and historical ruins preservation, and community development at Umm el-Jimal as a key of preserving Jordan\'s cultural and historical heritage .
In the present study, a series of Schiff bases derived from 2,5-diamino-1,3,4-thiodiazole (1) namely 4,4\'-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)diphenol (2) and 3,3\'-(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl)bis(azan-1-yl-1-ylidene)bis(methan-1-yl-1-ylidene)diphenol (3) were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopy techniques in addition to elemental analyses. Corrosion inhibitions of mild steel in 1 M HCl solutions by compounds (1-3) were studied using weight loss method. These measurements demonstrate that the inhibition efficiencies obtained by these compounds increased by increasing their concentration. The inhibition efficiency follow the order 2 > 1 > 3. Investigated compounds (1-3) exhibited maximum efficiency of 90%, 93% and 86% respectively at 500 mg/L The electronic properties of these inhibitors, were obtained using Austin Model 1 (AM1), a semi-empirical method for the quantum calculation of molecular electronic structure method, have been correlated with their experimental efficiencies using non-linear regression method.
