This research is a formulation of the drug Ibuprofen as an effervescent tablet by two methods (direct compression and wet granulation). The bitter taste was masked by saccharine as sweeting agent with guargum and Tragacanthgum, furthermore the effervescent effect of citric acid, tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate lead to improve the taste of the drug beside increase the effect of formula. Also the Guargum with Tragacanth gum were used as binder agent lead to hide the taste. The strawberry with banana which were used as flavoring agent also enhances the palatability. The formulated tablets were passed all the fundamental testes in the monograph. This study was found that formulating the ibuprofen as effervescent tablet by wet granulation method concentration and die cavity twenty is the suitable one and that might be lead to increase the drug effectiveness, therapeutic effect as well as increase patient acceptability as effervescent tablet\nKey words:\nTablets, Ibuprofen, effervescent, patient acceptability, Taste
Nurses working in Emergency and Intensive-Care units should have the sufficient knowledge on monitoring, interpreting the Electrocardiography (ECG) rhythms, and knowing the appropriate treatment options oriented at these rhythms because of decrease mortality and morbidity. In this search, we aimed to determine to nurse\'s level of knowledge about to promote the ECG rhythms and in deciding the appropriate treatment approaches who serve in this units. The search was carried out on 148 nurses who serve in Samsun and its towns. The survey form was applied to the nurses by the researcher in person. It was found that in this search the most important factors influencing their answers for ECG whether are servise training, edutional status and which units they are working. Bachelor\'s degree nurses and cardiology nurses in intensive care response about fatal rhythms and the ECG rhythms was found to higher than others. We think it would be useful nurses about to promote the ECG rhythms and treatment approaches increase the level of education on behalf of increase the level of knowledge, giving service training and such training be repeated at intervals.\nKeywords: ECG; Emergency; Intensıve care; Nurse; Rhythm
Intercultural education is the pursuit of understanding between cultures originating in the prevalence of a base for coexistence without violence. Educational programmes created through action research include an integrated curriculum based on the use of cultural invariants. Its application in different countries of the European Union has demonstrated its transformative power, its potential for preventing inter-ethnic violence and the need for a multinational dimension to combat prejudice and xenophobia and enrich the cultural heritage of students and teachers. Our programme was developed in Germany, Denmark, Italy and Spain over two full academic years, during which time changes were seen in the views of the students on violence and interculturality, new knowledge was acquired and teachers’ thinking on interculturality also underwent a change.
AIM: The study was planned to determine stress sources and coping methods of the nurses that worked in the emergency service.\nMETHOD: The research was realized with the participation of 196 nurses, who have been working in hospitals of the Ministry of Health, the Social Security Institution, and universities, all located in Istanbul province of Turkey, following the written consent of study participants. Data were collected through a questionnaire form, the stress source scale, and the coping scale for stress.\nFINDINGS: It was detected that the stress level of nurses tended to develop a disease. Of the nurses working in a university hospital, the score of seeking of emotional social support and the score of focusing on and venting of emotions were found highly statistically significant (p<0.01). Regarding coping with stress, active coping scores of the nurses from the Ministry of Health’s hospitals were quite significantly low (p<0.01) while positive reinterpretation scores were significantly low (p<0.05) and behavioral disengagement and denial scores were highly significant (p<0.01).\nCONCLUSION: It was determined that nurses’ stress levels tend to develop a disease and nurses employ effective and ineffective methods on different levels in coping with stress.\nKeywords: Emergency service nurses, Stress, Stress Sources.
Polyphenolic vegetative extracts and essential oils are very important replacement additives for the antibiotic growth promoters in layer feeds. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of vegetative extracts and essential oils on egg producing layers’ health, immunity against ND virus disease and other blood parameters. One hundred and twelve, nine months old, white Novagin egg producing laying hens (1480+50 grams average live body weight each) were randomly distributed to seven groups equally (n = 16). Each group/treatment was divided four times with four birds per replicate cage unit. Diets (rations) were prepared by adding vegetative polyphenolic extracts of black tea (c), seeds of black cumin (d), fenugreek seed (e) as well as oils from black cumin seeds (f) and fenugreek seeds (g) in the negative control (b; treatment with nil antibiotic and antioxidant added in the ration) and compared with positive control (a) having antibiotic (4.4%) lincomysin 120mg/kg of feed, acetic acid (99.5%) 0.15mL/kg of feed, antioxidant seldox (BHA, BHT, ethoxiquine and citric acid) 120mg/kg of feed. After end of the five weeks trial, weekly feed conversion ratio (FCR) of all treatments were significantly good than negative control (b) (P<0.05), however treatments a, b, d, e, f and g had non-significant differences among one another (P>0.05). ND titer level remain same of all treatments and overall health performance was good and there was insignificant difference between all blood parameters except negative control (P>0.05). These results clarify that polyphenolic vegetative extracts/oils have positive affect on the performance, health and there is no drastic change in blood parameters of the egg producing layers and thus can be replaced by antibiotic growth promoters.
The objective of this study was to put forth the structural status and the breeding properties of sheep breeding establishments that stand out in the city of Bursa with regard to their agricultural production activities. In this scope, survey study was carried out with 99 business owners who are working in the sheep breeding sector. The evaluated businesses were classified into three different groups as small scale (50–100 sheep), medium (101–150 sheep) and large scale (151 sheep and above). Sheep breeding in Bursa is carried out in a settled style and this agricultural activity is the main income source of breeders. The main reasons in the changes in sheep population are economical problems and the difficulty in finding shepherds. Various problems that have come about due to the problematic use of pastures which are indispensable for sheep breeding now create significant limitations for sheep breeding. On the other hand, the geographical structure as well as the land size of the city of Bursa in addition to its proximity to metropolitan cities and markets present important opportunities for the development of sheep breeding. At this point, it is important that the establishments included in the study put into effect the already existing dynamics to be more active for increasing profitability and productivity.\n\nKeywords: Sheep, Breeding strategies, Pasture systems, Structural properties, Reproduction management
Specific energy (SEcut) is an important parameter to be studied while performing milling operations on stone and marble. For this two samples, Makarana White (MW) and Bhainslana Black (BB) were collected from the mining area and were sent to laboratory to determine various physicomechanical properties such as water absorption, density, modulus of rupture compressive strength, abrasion, and flexural strength. Taguchi L16 orthogonal array was used for the design of experiments, ANOVA was used to test the competence of the models. A CNC milling machine was used with diamond-coated end mill cutters to perform the milling operations on the workpiece, a digital energy meter used to record the power consumption simultaneously. Regression analysis was used to find out the relation between the parameters. The regression equation developed can be successfully used to predict the SEcut with different parameters. Finally, ANN architecture was used to predict the SEcut of the operation. The results obtained using ANN model was in close agreement with the experimental values. ANN proved to be more advantageous in predicting the SEcut in relation with process optimization influencing the key factors affecting the machining process.
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is often a life-threatening bacterial infection in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) accompanied by ascites. The severity of underlying liver disease is a major predictive factor regarding the incidence of SBP. The effect of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors on the incidence of SBP is still unknown. Renal impairment such as hepatorenal syndrome as well as the severity of underlying liver disease are particularly associated with a fatal prognosis in LC patients with SBP. Moreover, SBP caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms appears to be associated with poor prognosis. Although adequate administration of antimicrobial agents is required for the treatment of SBP, initial empirical therapies may not be useful because of MDR organisms, particularly in nosocomial infections. Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for LC patients with a high risk of developing SBP, gastrointestinal bleeding, and a previous episode of SBP. However, the increasing risk of developing infections due to MDR is a serious concern in antimicrobial treatments for LC.
Energy-efficient pulse coupled oscillators (PCOs) have recently gained significant research attention in wireless sensor network (WSN) synchronization and PCO, which uses firefly synchronization for attracting mating partners. However, the PCO model is unsuitable for sensor networks because WSNs are unable to afford simultaneous transmission and data reception. For most scenarios, battery replacement is impossible upon the exhaustion of a node’s battery energy method (because of packet collision). To avert these limitations, this study proposes an energy-efficient pulse coupled oscillator (EEPCO), a new mechanism that uses the self-organizing method in WSN by combining biologically inspired network systems and non-biologically inspired network systems. The former systems employ phase-locking of the PCO model regarding sensor nodes as observed in the flashing synchronization behavior of fireflies. The latter systems utilize the anti-phase of the PCO model to counteract packet collision, obtain improved data gathering, and minimize the energy needs of the sensor nodes during transmission. From the simulation, it was found that the proposed EEPCO scheme attained a steady state after a number of cycles. It also showed superior performance compared to other mechanisms with a deduction on the total energy consumption by \n15$\\%$ . The results showed that the performance improved data collection by up to 100$\\%$ when the number of sensor nodes is below 40. Based on the results, the proposed scheme avoids packet collision that occurs in the transmit state in WSNs and it increases the data collection throughout the transmission states in WSNs.
DNA can be a computational system, which must have an abstract process to correspond to its informatics definition. (A Finite Status Machine (FSM) idea was used to define the close loop calculation of the number 1 to eight. The FSM idea only told us how the nucleosides A, U, C, and G be defined in the number 1 to 8 repeatedly. In the meanwhile, the pseudo check code idea was introduce to the nucleosides A, U, C, and G which do not be distinguished in the biochemistry textbook. And the check code idea made use of the ternary numeral system transformed the DNA codons into the number 1 to 64 in the decimal numeral system.) Using this structure, all of the intrinsic problems of DNA codons can be interpreted, and the symmetrical structure of quantum chemistry can be easily found. We described a process to define code and there by understand how DNA codons transform into amino acids using simple calculations. This is the first time that quantum chemistry and amino acid translation have been integrated into a bioinformatics method. In addition, the periodic arranging of DNA codons can be seen as the digitized vocabulary of gene expression.
Nanotechnology, the science of very small materials, is poised to have a big impact in food production and packaging. According to a market study recently done, it has been observed that nanotechnology has been significantly increasing its impact on the food and beverage packaging industry. Nanotechnology gives the researchers the chance to change the structure of the materials on the molecular scale. Researchers can build up new design of molecules to achieve several functionalities. Nanotechnology, the manipulation of molecules and atoms is rapidly converging with biotechnology in rigid and flexible packaging industry. People can monitor or display the freshness of food or indicate whether the frozen food has been thawed during storage or transport. The freshness of food or indicate frozen food has been thawed or not during storage or transportation. Nanostructured materials serve as oxygen scavengers, antimicrobial films or gas permeable composites. Nanocomposite films can be used to pump out dirty air such as carbon dioxide from the package. Nanoclay is most commonly used to obtain barrier coatings. Functionalised or nonfunctionalised montmorillonite clay plates have been exfoliated to obtain good resistance for oxygen and water migration through the package film. When radiation curing technologies are combined with nanostructured polymers, strong and highly durable films can be obtained. Developments in the food and drink areas are very early stage and are currently being shaped by progress in other areas, most specifically the pharmaceutical industry. Currently the main uses for nanotechnologies in food and drink applications are in packaging and in the health/nutraceutical supplements areas, and it is expected that the use of nanotechnologies will not only increase within these two areas in the immediate future, but will also expand into other areas, such as ingredient functionality, emulsions and sensors.
Total and specific phenolics compounds and antioxidant capacity were quantified over two seasons in flowers, leaves, fruitlets, and ripe fruit at harvest of the apple cultivars Brookfield, Granny Smith and Fuji, as well the crabapple cultivars Hillary and Manchurian. The tissue came from different parts of Chile (Long. 35°30’S - Lat. 71°28’W to Long. 38°19’S - Lat. 72°41’ W). The samples were collected between October 2014 and March 2015. The results showed that leaves had the highest phenol concentrations and antioxidant capacity. Phenolic and antioxidant content was progressively lower from flowers, fruitlets and ripe harvested fruit, the latter with an average concentration between 12.0 and 14.0 times as low as in flowers for both phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. There were high concentrations of phloridzin in flowers and leaves, while concentrations were lower in fruitlets, peel and entire fruit at harvest. Chlorogenic acid content was high in fruitlets. The phenolic compound with the highest concentration in peel was quercetin glycoside, while in the entire fruit it was flavanols. The studied crabapple cultivars did not present differences between them in phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, which were respectively five and twice as high as the content of ripe commercial apples at harvest.\nKeywords: Malus domestica, phenolic compounds, ORAC, crabapples, flowers, fruitlets, fruits, leaves.
The purpose of research is tostudythe possibility of using theexisting and new transport routes in Central Asia for the pension of export. Lint cotton from Kazakhstanis considered an export product. \nRating of logistics in Kazakhstan compared to other CIS countries is considered. Geopolitical location of the country allows successful realization of the export potential. Logistics routes of the future are analyzed.\nLow density of road traffic routes and railways, insufficient concentration of infrastructure objects, relatively high labor costs make the logistics inefficient. To improve logistical indicators, it is suggested to reduce transportation expenses, to choose the most profitable transportation routes.\nAfter examining the entire chain from cottonreaping to the sale of lint to the consumer, including storage and transportation, the authors identified the most profitable route of delivery to Russia, Ukraine, and the Baltic states. \nIt was found thatautomobile transportation is an effective option of cotton transportation from the field to the cotton plant, and then to the railway station. Calculation of the cost of cotton transportation by railto the ports of Ukraine for delivery of goods to Europe is presented.\nThe solution to the problem of profitable delivery to the world market,presentedin the article,is of interestfor the countries withlimited access to sea, as well as for the countries, seeking for the mostprofitable export routes of their goods.
The superior mechanical properties of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) make it the best choice filler for reinforcement of hybrid nano composites materials. A binary polymer blend nano composites of polyetheretherketon (PEEK): polyvenlydine flourid (PVDF) [ ( PEEK :7.5% PVDF ) incorporated with nanoparticle (7.5%HAp) and hybrid nanoparticle (7.5%ZrO2+3%Y2O3) individually, have been reinforced with selected weight percentage of MWCNT (0.1,0.5 and1% wt.) .These hybrid nanocomposites were melt blended using internal mixer (Haak) at 365ºC and 70rpm for 3min. and compression molded at 380ºC and 5MPa applied pressure. Fatigue behavior of the prepared hybrid nanocomposites were investigated using alternating bending method. SEM was used to examine the morphology and distribution of MWCNT in hybrid nanocomposites. Fourier transformation /attenuated total reflection (FTIR/ATR) and X-ray were used to inspect the chemical composition of the composite, chemical bonds existing in the nanocomposites .Bioactivity (cell attachment, cell proliferation ,cell viability of the hybrid nanocomposites were investigated using L-929 cell line mouse fibroblast and MTT assay. Results show that the addition of MWCNT to the (polymer blend +7.5%HAp) and (polymer blend+(7.5%ZrO2+3%Y2O3) a great enhancement in cell proliferation from comparing the results of 2 and 7days.Moreover, it was found that the nanocomposite have 0.5% MWCNT ratio has the higher cell viability for both hybrid nanocomposites as compared to control and the hybrids without MWCNT.As well as the Fatigue Strength were found to be enhanced with addition of MWCNT as compared to neat PEEK and polymer blend.
The fact is that solving physics problems is rather difficult for modern Kazakhstan students. Solving logic problems develops particular qualities that reveal opportunities for the development of student’s creative abilities during the learning process. The development of student’s creative abilities is an important part ?f the development of their thinking. All problems can be solved by means of logic. Logic is a set of sciences about the laws and forms of thinking of mathematical-logical laws of calculation and the most general laws ?f thinking. The logical apparatus allows you to builn the right judgment or conclusion and to emphasize a certain concept with its essential features. This paper shows how to apply the basic techniques of solving logic problems while teaching high school students.
the article discusses the new method of designing with use of biquadratic transformation allows to receive various classes channel surfaces and to define the equation of family of cross-section sections of a considered surface that facilitates the further geometrical calculations on the computer.
To know the nursing students’ and professionals’ attitudes would let us predict the negative behaviours and act accordingly in order to intervene, as a preventive measure, to avoid the appearance of such behaviours AIM: To evaluate nursing students and professionals’ attitudes towards the elderly through the use of the Kogan scale, comparing those scores obtained in other studies from a chronological perspective and from the context in which they were developed. Method: Descriptive and cross-sectional study carried out in the academic and professional field with Nursing degree students and professional undergraduates and graduates in Nursing. The sample was made up of 267 individuals (174 students and 93 professionals). The Kogan Attitudes towards Old People scale was used to carry out this study (adapted by Sampén; 2012). Results: The attitude which students had towards older adults obtained higher scores as opposed to those scores obtained by professionals, whereas 34% of the students showed a very positive attitude. Older professionals had a better attitude than that presented by young students and female students showed a better attitude towards the older adults, as opposed to that shown by male professionals.?
Increased levels of plasma clotting factors and decreased fibrinolysis during pregnancy leads to a hypercoagulable state that may cause frequent complications of pregnancy, childbirth, severe neonatal pathology and the direct cause of death in this period (Makatsaria A.D., et al, 2011; Ailamazyan E.K., 2010; Baymuradova S.M., 2008). The literature study hemostasis during pregnancy mixed. In connection with an attempt to create an experimental model hypercoagulable pregnant female rats, chorionic placentation which is close to human placentation, to study platelet hemostasis.
Objective: This study aims to assess clinical and histopathological characteristics of breast cancer.\n Methods: Between the years from 1981 to 2013, a total of 2849 patients with invasive breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided as ER+/PR+ HER2-, ER or PR+ HER2-, ER+/PR+ HER2+, ER or PR+ HER2+, ER-/PR- HER2-, and ER-/PR- HER2+. \nResults: ER/PR(+)/HER2- breast cancers showed improved clinical courses compared to the hormone-negative, triple negative, and HER2+ subtypes. TN, HER2+ tumors in postmenopausal women were high-grade, showing lymph node and lymphovascular invasion with poor prognosis in all series. However, ER+/PR-/HER2+ subgroup had the lowest survival rates during 2- and 5-year follow-ups (66% and 33%, respectively). Comparing ER+PR+HER2+ and ER+PR-HER2- subgroups, HER2(-) status was an indicator of improved prognosis in long-term follow-up . Single HR(+) status was shown to be between the favorable and poor survival subgroups in the HER2(-) cases, particularly. ER-, PR-, and HER2+ properties were found to be risk factors for frequent recurrences. \nConclusion: Our study results highlight the importance of ER/PR/HER2 receptor variations in the choice of treatment and in prognosis in breast cancer. Furthermore, multiple chemotherapy combined with hormonal treatment may not ensure the expected survival rates in the HR+ patients.
