In this paper we enhanced the powerful of HMAC function (Key-Hashed Message Authentication) to be more resistant against the Exhaustive search attack and Birthday Attack by inventing and improving d-HMAC function (dynamic HMAC function). To achieve our purpose we used dynamic values of ipad and opad. The values of ipad and opad are calculated dynamically instead of having fixed strings as in HMAC. The calculation of ipad and opad is dependent on the input parameters for HMAC, the public key of the receiver and an S-box table with enhanced security characteristics.
Background \nThe diagnostic examinations with X-ray play an important role in the health care of the population in Saudi Arabia and the entire world. These examinations may involve significant irradiation of the patient and probably represent the largest man-made source of radiation exposure. The aim of the present work was to provide a survey for the doses received by patients undergoing diagnostic X-ray at Security Forces Hospital in Riyadh (SFHR), and identifying the factors contributing to the dose and suggesting the methods of lowering the patient doses. \n\nMethods\nThe entrance surface dose (ESD) from each X-ray view was measured using a single TLD placed at the center of the X-ray field attached to patient\'s skin. The source surface distance (SSD) was adjusted for every view according to the X-ray intensity inverse square law. The charge on the thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) was converted into exposure dose using the calibration factor. Each TLD after annealing was placed in a thin black polyethylene bag to protect it from light and to avoid any source of contamination. One TLD was used to estimate ESD resulted from each X-ray view. The TLD was placed at the center of the X-ray field attached to the skin of the patient. Each TLD was removed after the scan, placed in its bag and then read in the TLD reader. \n\nResults\nThis study consisted of 220 patients who were referred for X-ray examinations at Security Forces Hospital in Riyadh (SFHR) in Saudi Arabia. In this study, the following scans and views were assessed: Chest (PA), abdomen (AP), skull (PA: LAT), knee (AP: LAT), hip (AP: LAT), elbow (AP: LAT), foot (AP: LAT and OBL), dorsal spine (AP: LAT), cervical spine (AP: LAT), lumbar spine (AP: LAT and Spot) and wrist (AP: LAT and OBL) (where: AP: anterior – posterior; PA: posterior – anterior; LAT: lateral projection; OBL: oblique projection). Each test was performed for twenty patients. Patients related information and exposure parameters were listed in Table (2). For chest examination, the tube potential (kVp) and mAs for most X-ray projections were similar to that published by International Commission on Radiation Protection (NCRP). The tests range factors calculated were shown in Table (3). The max/min ratio of the ESD ranges was 3 times in the case of cervical spine to 26.33 times in the case of LAT-hip. The mAs ratios range was 2.5 times in the cases of wrist to 16 times in the case of Lat-dorsal spine. The kVp range factor was less pronounced with a maximum ratio value of 2.05 times in the case of LAT dorsal-spine. \n\nConclusions\nVariations in patient dose arising from a specific X-ray examination may be induced from complex causes, but in general, low peak kilovolt and high milli Amperes were associated with higher doses. The findings of this work should be made available to radiologists and carried out in all hospitals in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Quality assurance methods should be done and implemented to ensure the dose limitations. This study predicts and limits the dose received by the radiation workers and they also provide local diagnostic reference levels for several diagnostic X-ray examinations at SFHR, other national institutions and international hospitals. \n\nKey words: Harshaw 4000 reader; national hospitals; radiographic examinations; thermoluminescent dosimeters; X-rays
ABSTRACT\nThis research is concerned with investigating the influence of national culture on the organic food purchase intention of Thai-Cambodian cross-border consumers. Furthermore, the research was conducted to identify and compare key cultural attributes that influence intention to purchase organic foods between Thai and Cambodian consumers. An empirical study was based on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism-collectivism, and masculinity-femininity. The quantitative research method was employed and conducted through questionnaires collected from two samples of consumers – 400 participants in Thailand and 400 in Cambodia. SEM analysis was utilized. For Thai consumers, the results revealed that uncertainty avoidance, individualism-collectivism, and masculinity-femininity had a significant relationship and a positive influence on the intention to purchase organic foods. In contrast, power distance was found to have no significant influence on the intention to purchase organic foods. With Cambodian consumers, uncertainty avoidance and individualism-collectivism were found to be the cultural values that had a significant relationship and positive influence on intention purchase organic foods. A significant relationship was also found between power distance and masculinity-femininity, though they were found to negatively influence intention to purchase organic foods. \n\nKeywords:cross-border consumers, Cross-cultural, organic food, purchase intention, structural equation modeling
Today, a challenge in our schools is how we deal with the below expectation results that our students obtain. We usually blame the lack of interests and motivation of students, but the problem can be analyzed in a much more open perspective. We believe that underachievement in school arise from a lack of self-regulation of learning behavior. The responsibility for this issue we try to place it in the social environment. This article aims to realize a synthetic analysis of the main models for the interpretation of self-regulated learning present in the scientific literature. The second aim is to raise some important questions for all teachers.\nKeywords: self-regulation, learning, conceptual models
Using the exact solutions of stationary non-differentiable hydrodynamic model, the morphogenesis of structures in complex systems at low scales (atomic or mesoscopic motions) and at large scales (infra-galactic or extra-galactic motions) are obtained within the framework of the Non-Standard Scale Relativity Theory. If, trough the non-differentiable potential, we define the concept of informational non-differentiable entropy, we can show via a maximization variational principle that, such piece of information is stored and transmitted by the “sub-fractal level” in the force field form. Moreover, the same non-differentiable potential is responsible for the uncertainty relations.
Abstract\nBackground: The possible effect of Commiphora myrrha oleo-gum resin was studied on rats fed different concentrations of the crude plant. The plant is used in different regions for treatment of various ailments but the toxic effect of this plant has not been studied in details. \nMethods: Commiphora myrrha was fed to rats at 2, 5, 10, and 20% of the basic diet. \nResults: Rats on 10% and 20% Commiphora food exhibited depression, soft faeces, abdominal pain and dyspnoea prior to death. Lesions were fatty change and necrosis of hepatocytes, catarrhal enteritis, renal tubular cell degeneration, splenic haemosiderosis and lymphocytic infiltration in the hepatic portal area, renal cortex, and intestinal lamina propria and between the cardiac muscle fibers. These changes were correlated with alterations in haematology and clinical chemistry. Two and five percent C. myrrha diets were not toxic to rats.\nConclusion: Commiphora myrrha oleo-gum resin was found to be lethal to rats at 10% and 20% concentrations of the basal diet. At lower concentrations it was found to be toxic and toxicity was indicated biochemically and histopathologically.\n\nKeywords: Commiphoram myrrha, rats, toxicity, biochemistry
The aim of this study was to examine whether or not the psycho-education program of coping with stress has an effect on the symptoms of stress and levels of coping with stress of nursing students. This study is an experimental study based on pre-test and post-test model with control group. The Stress Coping Scale and the Stress Symptoms Scale were used to collect data of this study. The study was conducted on 80 students (40 in the experimental group, and 40 in the control group). Those in the experimental group attended a five-session (each session was approximately 70 minutes) psycho-education program of coping with stress. Study results concluded that there was an increase in the positive coping of students, and a decrease in the negative coping and stress symptoms of students. Psyhiatric nurse educators may significantly reduce the stress in their students by including stress interventions, which combine cognitive reappraisal with relaxation and which take into account theories of stress.
The purpose of this research was to study environmental attitude, environmental knowledge and environmental lifestyle, three factors that affect the purchasing behaviour of Thai consumers who purchased electric appliances. A random sample survey of 311 individuals was used to verify the conceptual model. Multiple regression and correlation coefficient analysis were applied to examine data. Findings of this study showed environmental attitude, environmental knowledge and environmental lifestyle had significant effects on environmentally-based purchasing behaviour. This research improves our understanding of how consumers’ lifestyle, knowledge and attitudes define their way of behaving to creating green society for sustainable development.
The degree of particle deformation during the cluster structure formation of plasma coatings is determined by the heating degree and the spray particle velocity. This article presents the results of mathematical modelling of separation processes, acceleration and heating of the sprayed powder material particles in plasma flow, which allows calculating the parameters of deposition modes and forming cluster structure coatings.
This paper discusses some of the fundamental problems of mathematical modelling of coating processes using vacuum ion-plasma method. It introduces the concept of active surface zone to describe non-thermal activation processes proving that non-thermal surface activation processes can be explained based on the effect of surface focusers. The main stages of adsorbed particles\' evolution are described based on the concepts of probability theory. The paper refines some of rather general theoretical ratios used in the theory of new phase formation on the solid body surface.
Riassunto\nIl presente lavoro analizza gli elementi linguistici impiegati in italiano ed in arabo per l’espressione del tempo futuro. La scelta metodologica, quindi, parte dalla funzione semantica per arrivare alle forme strutturali, cioè dal significato verso il significante. La ricerca mette a confronto due sistemi linguistici appartenenti a famiglie linguisti¬che diverse. In questo modo si è cercato di offrire un contributo alle tante ricerche linguistiche che hanno preso in considerazione la relazione tra il Tempo verbale e il tempo fisico, Tense-Time Relationship. Le conclusioni finali evidenziano le assomiglianze presenti nei due sistemi nel produrre le informazioni tempo¬rali-aspettuali, sebbene le realizzino con mezzi diversi. In sostanza, i dati ottenuti dall’analisi contrastiva condotta mostrano che le rispettive lingue possiedono dei mezzi specifici per esprimere il futuro nelle sue varie sfumature temporali-aspettuali.
The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship of physical activity (PA) level and healthy life-style behaviors in academic staff in Bartın University, Turkey. In total, 102 academic staff members (4 professors, 5 associate professors, 24 assistant professors, 39 lecturers, 30 research assistants) in Bartın University participated in this study voluntarily. The short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered for the determination of physical activity level of academic staff. Their PA levels were categorised as inactive, minimally active, and physically active by using MET method. For the determination of healthy life-style behaviors, Health-promoting Life-style Profile Questionnaire was used with self-actualization (SA), health responsibility (HR), exercise (E), nutrition (N), interpersonal support (IS), and stress management (SM) subscales. Results of Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation analyses indicated significant positive correlations between total physical activity level and exercise (r=0.52; p<0.01) and healthy life-style behaviors (r=0.47; p<0.01) among the study subjects. There was no significant correlation between healthy life-style behaviors and sport index of physical activity questionnaire (p>0.05). The findings of the present study indicated that healthy life-style behaviors were not indicators of physical activity level of academic staff.
Agrochemicals may cause harmful effects to health and alter the physiological functions of body organs. More attention should be focused on the protective biochemical function of antioxidant biological system against the deteriorating effect of some agrochemicals. A total number of one hundred male and female albino rats were divided into five groups for each sex, ten rats for each group. The first group in each sex received no treatment and served as control. Each group of the other four groups received a dose of 1/10 LD50 of glyphosate, fenpyroximate and oxamyl or 1/20 LD50 of ethephon twice daily for 90 days. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was significantly increased in liver and kidney microsomes of male and female rats exposed to different agrochemicals with more pronounced effect was induced by glyphosate. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased in liver and kidney microsomes of rats exposed to glyphosate, ethephon or oxamyl while it was significantly decreased in rats treated by fenpyroximate. Similar results were obtained regarding catalase (CAT) activity with exception of some groups while glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity was significantly increased in almost all groups. Moreover, the percentage of DNA fragmentation was significantly increased in hepatic tissues of male and female rats in all studied groups. DNA fragmentation was more pronounced in liver of male rats exposed to glyphosate and also in female rats exposed to ethephon. However, males were often shown to be more susceptible for the changes of antioxidant status due to chronic administration of most studied agrochemicals.
In a semiprime ring (semigroup with 0), every minimal quasiideal is a minimal biideal and vice versa. Moreover, for prime *-semigroups with 0, each *-minimal *-biideal is a minimal *-biideal. Nevertheless, A *-biideal B of a prime *-ring (*-semigroup) A is minimal if and only if B has the form B=RR*, for a minimal right ideal R of A. Furthermore, for a semiprime *-semigroup S, each *-minimal *-biideal B is either minimal or a direct union of a minimal biideal C of S and its involutive image C*. Finally, a set of equivalent conditions are given for a *-simple *-semigroup S to be the union of its *-minimal *-biideals.
Abstract \nIn cross-border business, different cultural environments characterized by unfamiliar languages and unique value systems, beliefs, and behaviors is everyday reality. These differences influence all dimensions of international business. Often, they get in the way of straightforward communication, representing cross-cultural risks associated with international business. Cross-cultural risk, as situation where a cultural miscommunication puts some human value at stake, arises routinely in international business because of the diverse cultural heritage of the participants. Unlike political, legal, and economic systems, culture has proven very difficult to identify and analyze. Its effects on international business are deep and broad. Culture influences a range of interpersonal exchange as well as value-chain operations such as product and service design, marketing, and sales. Managers must design products and packaging with culture in mind, even regarding color, because cross-cultural miscommunication can ruin business deals, hurt sales, or harm the corporate image. The aim of this paper is to present Japan and the European Union as a globally very impressive and important entities that, on the one hand, from cultural aspects have no characteristics in common, but also the fact that despite the large differences they have managed to build a strong relation which are based on mutual respect, professional behavior and dedication for achievement of common interests, on the other hand. Japan and the EU are superb examples of distinct cultural dissimilarities and well-established, long-standing and developed co-operation, strong partnership and good relations in the international business, which is enough reason why they are taken as a subject of analysis in this paper.\n\n\nKeywords: internationalization, cultural diversity, Japan, European Union, business culture, business customs, globalization, intertemporal trade
This paper presents the results of research of the microstructure of the composite blade W55RBVS for the wind turbine of up to 6kW power after structural testing up to failure. The first part of the testing consists of the static testing of the structure up to the moment of the blade failure. The aim of the first part of the test was to define rigidity of the blade W55RBVS, to determine the maximum force which leads to faliure and the relative span of the blade failure. Blade testing is performed in the Aerotechnics Laboratory of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade University. The second part of the testing consists of comparing the critically loaded part with sub-critically loaded part. This test was carried out by atomic force microscopy (Eng. Atomic Force Microscopy-AFM). All the results and analysis are presented in this paper. The test result will be used to redesign the blades.
Purpose: Body proportions of humans may be different between various sportive branches. We investigated the body proportions of volleyball and basketball players and track and field athletes. \nMethod: The study was conducted with 88 male students of School of Physical Education and Sports: Group1: Basketball players (n=37), Group 2: Volleyball players (n=23), and Group 3: Track and field athletes (n=28). Height, chest circumference, difference of inspiration and expiration chest circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist/hip circumferences, length from crista to below the foot, length from the root of the penis and below the foot, length from head to chin, length from chin to chest, length from chest to abdomen, length from abdomen to root of the penis were measured.\nNew Results: In basketball players, “Height”; and “Difference of inspiration and expiration chest circumference” values were higher than volleyball players and track and field athletes. In volleyball players, “Waist circumference”, “Hip circumference” and “Waist/hip circumference” values were higher than basketball players and track and field athletes. \nConclusion: Chest circumference and respiratory capacities of the sportmen were improved in basketball players. In volleyball players, the body circumference was wider; whereas in basketball players, the reaching the ball movement might have caused elongation of the body and the arms.
This article took advantage of the mathematical software Maple as the auxiliary tool to study two types of definite integrals. The infinite series forms of these definite integrals can be obtained by using Parseval’s theorem. In addition, we provided some examples to do calculation practically. The research methods adopted in this study involved finding solutions through manual calculations and verifying these solutions using Maple.
This paper used the mathematical software Maple for the auxiliary tool to study the partial differential problem of four types of multivariable functions. The infinite series forms of any order partial derivatives of these four types of functions can be obtained by using differentiation term by term theorem, and hence greatly reduced the difficulty of calculating their higher order partial derivative values. On the other hand, we proposed two examples to do calculation practically. The research methods adopted in this study involved finding solutions through manual calculations and verifying these solutions by using Maple.
A fibroblast line from Tibet chicken embryos was established using tissue adherent culture method and cryopreservation techniques. This cell line included 58 embryo samples, had stocks of 297 cryovials with each containing about 3×106 cells. Morphology of the cells was tipical long spindle-shape. Growth curve of the cell line assumed \"S\" shape and the cell population doubling time (PDT) was about 51 h. Cell viability was 98.2％ before freezing and 94.1％ after recovery. Tests for microbial contamination were all negative. Frequency of diploid cells was 89.6%. Isoenzyme patterns of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and malic dehydrogenase (MDH) revealed characteristic distribution. Transfection efficiencies of the three fluorescin genes were among 12.6~29.5%.
Introduction: Patients’ behaviour is a common measure of the impact of health promotion and program effectiveness. While there are many reasons why behaviours change, sometimes sustaining better outcomes may be related to changes taking place in the health policies rather than individuals. \nPurpose – The purpose of this paper was to compare patients’ behaviour in accredited and non-accredited hospitals (ACCHs and NACCHs, respectively) in tertiary public hospitals in Saudi Arabia (SA).\nDesign/methodology/approach – Part of a long survey containing patients’ behavioural sections was extracted. Data was collected from pre-discharged patients in eight tertiary public health care services. The questionnaire contained two domains of patients’ behaviour which were identified to be the most relevant attributes for the Saudi public hospitals. A total of 517 pre-discharge patients admitted to four ACCHs voluntarily participated in this study and another 542 from NACCHs.\nFindings – Participants, overall, reported a satisfactory level of healthy behaviours. However, respondents attended NACCHs reported that they tend to avoid unhealthy behaviours than their counterparts in ACCHs\nPractical implications – Being accredited does not necessary indicate hospital ability to provide effective health education for the patients.\nOriginality/value –. Enhancing Healthy behaviours should be included clearly in accreditation process in SA accreditation system.
