The Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound was synthesized by a solid state reaction starting from stoichiometric mixtures of 3:3:1 molar ratio of reactive grade of SrCO3, Al2O3 and SrSO4, respectively. Cylindrical samples were conformed by uniaxial pressing at 100MPa and were heat treated at 1400°C during 4h. Subsequently, the samples were ground and re-conformed in cylindrical shape samples by uniaxial pressing at 300MPa. The new samples were heat treated at 1400°C during 24h; all this was in order to increase density of the samples. The Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound was characterized by the study of its physical properties such as: density, micro-hardness, thermal expansion and stability, enthalpy of formation, magnetic properties and electrical conductivity. Experimental results show that the maximum density obtained for the Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound was 2.913grcm-3, with thermal expansion coefficient of 10.12E-06(°C-1); also it presents an enthalpy of 2.3KJmol-1 and an excellent thermal stability at elevated temperatures in different atmospheres. As well as, Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound is both; not electrically conductive and not magnetic.
Cigarette smoking is documented source of human internal intake of toxic trace and heavy metals. However, data about tobacco-derived products such as moassel/tabamel and jurak, used in the growingly popular shisha (narghile, hookah), have been scarce and scattered. In these conditions, the objective of this study, the first ever carried out on this scale, was to investigate the elemental contents of moassel and jurak and compare it with that of other tobacco products. Representative samples from 3 different moassel brands were collected. Concentration of 34 elements was measured using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Results show that trace elements are much more abundant in cigarette tobacco than in shisha moassel. A wide range of variations was observed. For instance, the levels of As; Cd and Ni (mg kg-1) were: 1.59, 1.0 and 0.146; 1.45, 0.5 and 0.075; 3.5, 5 and 0.63; for, respectively: cigarette, moassel and jurak. Since shisha smoking is continuously targeted by antismoking groups as a “global epidemic”, a public health priority should be the design of culturally tailored products (for instance resins prepared from local plants to be mixed with the water of the pipes) based on well-established harm reduction techniques.
Recently Samet, Vetro and Vetro introduced the notion of\n$\\alpha$-$\\psi$-contractive type mappings and established some fixed\npoint theorems in complete metric spaces. Succesively, Asl, Rezapour\nand Shahzad introduced the notion of\n$\\alpha_\\ast$-$\\psi$-contractive multifunctions and give a fixed\npoint result for these multifunctions. In this paper we obtain\ncertain new fixed point and common fixed point theorems via\n$\\alpha_*$-admissible multifuncions with respect to $\\eta$. The\nobtained results generalize, extend, and modify some fixed point\nresults in the literature. Moreover, some examples are provided here\nto illustrate the usability of the obtained results.
FEATURES OF PRE-ISLAMIC BELIEFS IN KAZAKHSTAN\n\nB.Zh. Baytenova, Sh.S.Rysbekova, A.Duissenbaeva\n \n\nAbstract\nIn this article we have described the role of ancient turkish beliefs in kazakh nation’s worldview, and features of turkish beliefs formation and principles, history of it’s birth on kazakh territory. The concept of tengri deeply was investigated and submitted opinions of various scientists to the reader’s attention. Along with that, we have expounded about the role of tengrinism in kazakh nation’s history and in the present lifestyle. Also, deeply was discussed about elements and customs of tengrinism, were submitted complete assessment of them. It was described about connection of the history of Kazakh customs and traditions which remained as national customs and belief of tengrinism. We tried to tell more about belief of tengrinism, it’s importance and role for nomad people, and about role of harmony with nature for population of step. \nKey words: Turkish worldview, tengri, tengrinism, earth-water, Umai, Kut, aruak, spirit, Kazakh’s belief.
DISTRIBUTION MODEL FOR THE EXTREMELY ASYMMETRIC TYPES OF FORMATION OF GEOFEATURES’ FREQUENCY VALUES\nA.K. Kurmankozhayev, E.S. Sarybaev, Y.Kalaman\nK.I. Satpayev Kazakh National Technical University\nRepublic of Kazakhstan, Almaty\nAbstract \nStatistical and geometric patterns were disclosed that are inherent to extremely asymmetric types of formation of stochastic frequencies of geofeatures values with the help of the exponential, probabilistic and structural, and Zipf distribution laws, which are most often used to describe them. A sophisticated pattern with exponential and hyperbolic nature of the probabilistic frequencies formation development was found. Based on these features, a leading concept of using major structure-forming characteristics of the distribution of variable parameters as desired theoretical distribution function was used for parameterization of an extremely asymmetric distribution model\nA median and modal frequency of geofeatures distribution were defined as the theoretical parameters of the desired distribution model. A structure was constructed and formulas were derived for determination of the statistical characteristics of the recommended distribution model. Approbation of the distribution model was conducted on an example of morphometric signs empirical distributions among the localities of varying complexity and qualitative indicators of a number of gold and rare metal deposits; inhesion of its approximating power and flexibility of use was revealed.
Transmission usage, loss and reliability margin cost allocation are significant issues in restructured electricity market. Many methodologies have been proposed to address these issues. In this paper authors propose a graph theory based combined methodology which involves modified Kirchhoff matrix for transmission usage, loss and reliability margin (TRM) allocation. Further, novel reliability indices are developed for optimal transmission usage and loss cost allocation under N-1 contingency condition. Full and partial recovery models of transmission cost allocation are also developed. First, the transmission usages are allocated to users for base case power flow by modified Kirchhoff matrix. For allocating transmission usage cost under contingency, line outage impact factor (LOIF) and line outage distribution factor (LODF) are calculated. Moreover these factors are modified and calculated for maximum. Similarly, for loss allocation under contingency, four novel reliability indices are developed which allocate loss cost under maximum and optimal line loss condition. These factors are line outage loss distribution factor (LOLDF) and line outage loss impact factor (LOLIF). Also these factors calculated on maximum loss condition. Modified MW-mile approach is used for full and partial recovery of usage and transmission loss cost. Results are shown for 6 bus and IEEE 14 bus system.
This paper obtains bright, dark and singular soliton solutions to dual-core optical couplers with non-Kerr law nonlinearity. There are ve types of nonlinear media that are considered. They are Kerr law, power law, parabolic law, dual-power law and log law. The ansatz approach will be the integration tool. There are several constraint relations that will emerge out of the analysis and these conditions are listed.
This article was directed about kinds of responsibility, debt, freedom and about values of these categories in social life of human being. As category of ethics and rights, special social-moral relations of personality society, shows the duties in divides. The authors examine directions which given about responsibility and freedom in philosophy, religious in each epochs. The debt – responsibilities of human\'s themselves. For example in Confucian\'s interpretations about religion freedom which move the laws for its intend. In Greek philosophy every person is responsible for his actions.
Background: medication administration error is main component for safety healthcare services. The purpose of this study was to investigative nurses’ perception for reason of medication administration error in Saudi Arabia. Methods: a cross sectional descriptive survey was conducted to collect information form 309 nurses in regards to perception of reasons for medication administration errors at one regional hospital in Saudi Arabia. Results: nurses had moderate perception that factors related to communication with physicians (M=4.51) and staffing (M= 4.42) are the main reasons for medication administration errors. While, factors related to medication packaging (M=4.03). ) and administration processes (M=2.01), and pharmacy processes (M=2.3) had been perceived with lower levels. The study also found that there is a significant difference between male and female nurses in their perception of physician communication – related factors (t = - 2.54, p = .01), and difference in perception of pharmacy processes factors related to nurses’ years of experience (F = 2.76, p = .019). Conclusion: The findings in this study provide evidence that communication with physicians and staffing are significant factors that contribute to medication administration errors at Saudi health care settings.
This study could be considered as the first report in KSA interested in detection of the presence of bacterial viruses in soil at Taif region, KSA. Therefore, it aimed at isolation and characterization of some bacteriophages in some rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. Some bacterial strains were used as indicators, as well as for enrichment and isolation of the virulent bacteriophages from soil samples. The plaque (bacterial-free area) was used as indicator for the presence of the phage of interest in the phage suspension. The plaques appeared in plaque-forming assay were picked out for subsequent phage purification and amplification. Phage was propagated by the double layer agar plate method. The presence of bacterial viruses using plaque-forming assay (spot test technique) was confirmed in the tested soil samples. The phages were propagated using their specific bacterial host and their concentration was determined using over layer technique. The propagated phages were finally characterized via the electron microscopy. Results showed that no phages were detected in the rhizosphere soil of medicinal plant Argemone. On the other direction, phage was detected in either rhizsphere of weed or rose. The host range of the isolated virus was included Aeromonas hydrophila DNAA, GN, Aneulinibacillus aneurinilyticus AGPs, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa B101, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa B2. The electron microscopy of the viruses specific to the previous hosts showed that some particles were having head and long contractile tail, or head with long non contractile tail, and head with short tail. It was also noted that some particles were characterized by tailless shape. On the other hand, other phages were found to be isometric particles with or without head. One can recommend with further studies on such viruses for determining it\'s compete genome via molecular biology tools.\n\nKeywords: Bacteriophage, Characterization, Electron microscopy, Taif, Aneulinibacillus, Aeromonas.
The study aimed at use of such gene for molecular identification of some bacterial isolates having biochemical and antagonistic activities. Five soil samples were collected from each of the rhizosphere of three plants, .i.e., Argemone sp., Datura sp. and rose. A total number of 500 bacterial colonies were isolated, 32 and 120 were found belonging to actinomycetes-like colonies (ALC) and bacilli-forming colonies (BFC), respectively. At the level of theromphilic, a limited number (8 colonies) was obtained, 7 representing ALC and 1 represents BFC. The experimental results showed that all tested isolates were able to hydrolyze starch. Regarding the chitinase activities, the mesophilic ALI were higher in producing chitinase than bacilli-forming isolates (BFI), as indicated from the high clear zones showed by isolates. Results showed that 25 out of 34 isolates were having antibacterial activities against S. aureus. Regarding the antiviral activities, only one isolates of BFI showed weak activity against Tomato mosaic tobamovirus (TMV). On the other direction, 11 actinomycetes-like isolates (ALI) out of 23 isolates showed positive activities against TMV. Three bacterial isolates (06BM, 02M and 03Th) showing higher biochemical and antagonistic activities were selected and molecularly identified based on their 16S rRNA gene. On matching, final nucleotide sequences of 1456, 1393 and 1450 were obtained, respectively. Results of the phylogentic trees showed that the three bacterial isolates were considered as strains of Bacillus sp. 06BM, Streptomyces violaceus 02M and Streptomyces thermocoprophilus 03Th. One can recommend with further study to isolate and purify the biochemical agents whatever enzymes and/or antibiotics to be used in industry or biological control.\n\nKeywords: 16S rRNA, Bacillus, Streptomyces, Amylase, Chitinase, Biochemical and antagonistic activities.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of environmental conditions and feeding on the outcome of reproduction of ide – both cultured and wild forms. Spawners were kept in small earth ponds and in plastic pools under similar thermal conditions and in the same photoperiod. Fish in both groups were fed natural feed and granulated fodder for 60 days. The study did not reveal any effect of the fish’s origin, the conditions under which they were kept or their feeding on the latency period. The period between the triggering injection and ovulation was 32 hours. The conditions under which spawners were kept and the feeding method were found to affect the embryo survival rate. The survival rate of the offspring of females which were fed natural feed was significantly higher than that of the spawners which were fed artificial feed. This study has also shown a cumulative effect of the negative factors, such as the stress caused by the conditions under which the fish were kept and the feed quality, which additionally decreased the embryo survival rate. The stress factor decreased the embryo survival rate by 12.2% on average, the nutritional factor by 20.7% and both factors combined by as much as 32.9%. The findings of this study indicate the need for the appropriate feeding of ide spawners during the pre-reproduction period and for keeping them under conditions which decrease the stress level.
Processes of regional cooperation in non-Western world become a separate area of research in international relations. In this regard, SCO is an interesting object of analysis. All members of this organization are facing common traditional and new security threats. Need to confront to these threats creates a natural basis for cooperation.\nAt the same time, researchers abroad significantly differ in their assessment of results of SCO practical activity. In Western circles, Shanghai Cooperation Organization is often compared with NATO is considered as anti NATO. From this perspective, the article analyzes the views of Western researchers and political representatives about SCO, it is proved that SCO is not anti NATO and its activities are not directed against the United States.\nSince SCO and NATO clearly have a common interest in enhancing security and stability in Afghanistanin, in the article are recommended possible ways and necessity of cooperation between SCO and NATO. The authors conclude that cooperation of SCO with NATO would reduce mutual suspicion and distrust, as well as work together to strengthen the stability in Central Asia. This approach is much better than holding today\'s expectant policy of SCO and NATO.
Abstract\nIn this study, it is analysed how Efficient Market Hypothesis gives results in a real market. Moreover, long memory properties in stock exchange index returns and volatility of Turkey and Indonesia which are selected among emerging markets as the countries having gradually increasing importance in global economy are examined. Existence of long memory property in stock exchange index returns of respective countries are being tested through the ARFIMA-FIGARCH models are being estimated under different distribution assumptions as Normal, Student-t, Skewed-t and GED distribution. \nResults of the study report that long term property exists in respective countries especially in their volatilities. ARFIMA model supports long memory behaviour for Turkey and Indonesia stock markets return series. Estimation results for FIGARCH model indicate that the volatility has long memory in all return series. Moreover, in order to test the feature of long memory property as being in the return and volatility of the series at the same time, ARFIMA-FIGARCH models were jointly estimated for different distributions. According to the findings obtained, predictable structure of volatility indicates that all stock exchanges are inefficient under weak form. In this respect, it is possible to say that technical analysis related to stock markets may be valid. \nKey Words: Long Memory, ARFIMA-FIGARCH Model, Efficient Market Hypothesis, Stock Market Return, Volatility.
Discount rates selection represent a centrally material factor impacting in goodwill valuation decisions. This study examines the consistency of opportunistic behavior in documenting the variances between discount rates used by companies and independently generated estimates of company specific, risk-adjusted discount rates. This study examines the selection of 20 top listed companies on Bursa Malaysia that have released their 2010 and 2011 annual reports with reported goodwill and analyzed using the CAPM and goodwill intensity. The dominant pattern was for observed discount rates to be lower rather than higher than the estimated value, with 15 (75%) companies of the 20 both in 2010 and 2011 in excess of 150 bps lower than independent risk-adjusted estimate. Therefore, the data provided evidence of the use of aggressively low discount rates, with the result that CGU asset portfolio recoverable amount values will have been overestimated and potential goodwill impairment losses deferred or avoided.
Voice conversion means modification of the speech of one speaker called source speaker as it perceptually similar to that of another speaker called target speaker. It has a wide range of applications namely dubbing, to enhance the quality of the speech, text-to-speech synthesizers, online games, multimedia, music, cross-language speaker conversion, restoration of old audio tapes, cellular applications, low bit-rate speech coding, etc. Voice conversion technique involves five phases: alignment, feature extraction, source to target mapping (transformation function) estimation, source parameters transformation, and re-synthesis of speech from the transformed parameters. There are various models used for voice conversion such as Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), and Vector Quantization (VQ). The transformation function is usually phoneme dependent. Each transformation function has 20 (in case of MFCC order = 21) sub transformation functions one for each of the MFCC coefficient. These 20 sub transformation functions may be similar to each other. The objective of this paper is to investigate the similarity or dissimilarity among each component transformation functions for vowels.
To determine the role of the emergency medicine in the management of thunderstorms associated asthma multiple casualty incident (MCI) and to give an overview of affected patient characteristics. This cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study was conducted in Imam Khomieni Hospital Emergency Department (ED), Ahvaz, Iran. Eligible participants were all attended patients with acute bronchospasm to the ED, between 2nd to 7th November, 2013.All available medical document of patients were gathered and analyzed retrospectively. Besides the effectiveness of the MCI plan designed by emergency medicine were reported.\nOf all 443 subjects (201 male,242 female), 278 were aged between 20-40. The majority of patients (45.8%) present to the ED during the evening till midnight. Thirty seven patients were admitted to the Pulmonary ward and 3 were admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU). One of three ICU admitted patients was intubated. Over 50% of patients had a positive history of asthma, allergies or have been treated at least once for shortness of breath or asthma previously. Our findings illustrate that described respiratory illness MCI seems to have a benign course, since the majority of patients discharged home. Besides, the designed protocol for treatment of patients and managing the MCI were obviously effective.
The article reports on a study investigating motivating factors to write in English. More specifically, the research aimed at finding out the differences in how Turkish trainee teachers of English are motivated to write with regard to some variables. A total of 270 sophomore teacher trainees enrolled in English language teaching departments at four state universities participated in the research. The data for the study was collected through a questionnaire including two parts. In the first part along with two demographic questions gender and the type of the high school graduated from, the participants were asked whether they are engaged in reading and writing outside the classroom. Positive responses to these questions also asked the participants to specify what they read and write most. The second part of the questionnaire asked the participants to complete an open-ended sentence eliciting what motivates them most to write. The findings of the study showed that 203 teacher trainees read English, and only 108 write in English outside the classroom. Another finding of the study revealed that the majority of the females (41.5 %) are motivated to write when the topic is attractive. Male participants were found to be more motivated than their female counterparts when the teacher provides samples in the writing course. Of the participants those who are engaged in reading outside the classroom are motivated when the lesson is well-structured and well-organized.
Coupled complex equations appears in many model processes in physics, computer science, chemistry, biology. In this work, we employ the extended Jacobi elliptic function expansion method for a reliable treatment on two nonlinear complex coupled equations. We present several exact solutions of two well-known models namely, complex coupled Higgs field and complex coupled Maccari equations. These solutions contain hyperbolic, triangular solutions. When the parameters are taken as special values the solitary wave solutions can be obtained for other systems. The traveling wave solutions are also discussed that obtains solitary wave and singular soliton solution.
Abstract. The article consideres innovative development, modernization and introduction of new engineering equipment of Kazakhstan for providing other industries of the Republic of Kazakhstan.\nThe current state of engineering is studied and the problems constraining its development are revealed. Great importance is attached to preferencial development of priority directions of engineering and restructuring of operating machine-building enterprises, for this reason there are necessary resources and technologies in the country borrowed from foreign countries.\nPossibility of using mechanism of state and private partnership for acceleration of innovative progress in engineering and release of the innovative production necessary for updating of technical equipment of production in branches of economy and increasing their competitiveness is considered in the article.
The entry of women into the workplace has not resulted in a just reallocation of the family’s household chores. This situation has had two adverse effects: first, mothers experience difficulties in achieving a good work-family life balance; and, second, unwelcome changes occur in the children’s health, their performance at school, and in their ability to make constructive use of their leisure time. \nAn educational proposal has been drawn up, designed to foster values for achieving a better work-life balance and adhering to the principles of: 1) placing the teaching of the values of co-responsibility at the heart of the family project; 2) taking appropriate action in the early years of the children’s lives; 3) telling true or fictitious stories about the values of co-responsibility; and 4) engaging the children in dialogue so they might reflect on these values through informal, spontaneous activities of recreation.\nOur research, conducted using grounded theory, identifies the strategies that families in Barcelona (Spain) adopt on a day-to-day basis to achieve a good work-life balance. Our results show that families have various practical concerns, but one overriding worry: they all express the hope that their children will grow up to be happy, decent people; yet they do not implement any systematic actions to achieve this objective.
Six local wheat cultivars viz., Maisani, Halba, Lukhemi, M. Kredees, H. Kredees and Hanta Kemawi were studied to evaluate their agronomic performance and grain yield stability. They were grown at three different locations (Aljouf region, Hail region and Almuzahmiyah region) in Saudi Arabia. Pooled and individual analysis of variance estimated for grain yield and its various associated traits revealed highly significant (P<0.01) differences among genotypes within the traits and among the locations. Genotype x environment (GxE) interaction was found also highly significant. Stability parameters viz., response measured as regression coefficient (b) and stability measured as deviation from regression (S2d) for each genotype were estimated for grain yield. The genotype Lukhemi was found to be the most stable genotype as it showed response (b) very near to unity (1.02) and very low stability values (S2d = 24.03) but as it’s grain yield was average (2707 kg/ha). On the other hand, Maisani and M. Kredees ranked first and second for grain yield (3199 and 3087 kg/ha respectively); but both were registered higher regression (b = 1.22 and 1.36 respectively) with high or moderate stability (S2d = 25894.31 and 5288.19 respectively). It suggested that these both genotypes were highly responsive to environmental changes, hence suitable for favorable environments. The present studies helped to determine the response of local cultivars grown at different locations and to select genotypes possesses stable yield potential over environments
Word-of-mouth is one of the most powerful sources of information which customers often search for or consult about to help them make a careful decision before purchasing things. It can be seen that after using products or services, consumers may use the internet not only for expressing their comments and opinions about using the products or services online but they can also easily share information about the products and services with others. Consumers’ reviews and evaluations can be written in different electronic forms. This study, therefore, attempts to investigate characteristics of electronic word-of-mouth that affects consumers’ buying decision–making process in the low cost carriers (LCCs) market. The data in this study was collected from participants who have experienced purchasing their low-cost airline ticket after reading product information from online review sites and social media networks. The results from this study significantly indicate that the electronic word-of-mouth channel plays an important role in customers’ decision-making when purchasing their low cost airline ticket. Based on these results, the low cost airline companies should create effective marketing plans and develop online relationship strategies to ensure that potential customers can receive information about products and services in various electronic forms.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between kitchen layout and human activity, cooking habits, and functional efficiency of different kitchen layouts in Jordan. Analyses were conducted based on field survey and systematic observation. Questionnaires were delivered in two major cities in Jordan to classify kitchens based on the layout of three major operational workstations: stove, storage, and sink. These categories were tested in terms of performance and efficiency as a step towards determining the best-recommended kitchen layout for good functionality and associated physical efforts. \nA field survey was conducted to categorize the most common kitchen layouts in Jordan. It was found that from a sample of eighty kitchens 60% of them were U-shape, 15% were L- shape, 5% were corridor-shape, and 20% for uncommon layouts.\nComputational and experimental approaches were used to compare the three kitchen layouts in terms of walking distances amongst workstations and related physical effort.\nThe results explored the effectiveness of L-shape kitchen as the best layout in terms of performance and efficiency. \nThis paper calls for architects and designers to consider functionality in relative to Socio–cultural context during design process. It gives guidelines to find efficient kitchen layout for an efficient and sufficient space.
Sixteen indigenous Mexican bilingual 5th graders read aloud two short narratives, recounted them and described strategies used in the comprehension process. Findings revealed that volition was the main self-regulatory strategy used. Internal factors contributing to reading comprehension were previous knowledge activation and situated cognition. The external factors (the rural context) in reading comprehension were significant. Reading instruction methods were reflected in the children’s focus on external valuations of their performance at the cost of the development of self-regulation processes. Implications for the development of instructional approaches that effectively address the characteristics of these populations along the dimensions studied are discussed.
Abstract\nToxoplasmosis is a widely prevalent zoonotic disease. The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in chicken is a good indicator of soil contamination with T.gondii oocysts. Since chicken meat is widely consumed in many countries including Saudi Arabia, in the present report, the prevalence of T. gondii infection in chicken (Gallus domesticus) in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia was investigated, moreover, the T.gondii recent infection was determined using PCR test. T.gondii Seroprevalence was studied in 200 chicken (Gallus domesticus) collected from different regions in Riyadh using ELISA IgG assay. The results revealed that 32% (64 out of 200) of the chicken investigated were seropositive. PCR test on the T.gondii B1 gene showed that 37.5% of the chicken had T.gondii DNA indicating recent infection. We concluded that, T. gondii infection may pose a potential threat to human and animal health in Riyadh region and attention should be given.
Rhizospheric water stress is widely recognized as a driving factor affecting assimilation and evolution of plant in arid areas, but the active mechanism remains unclear. In order to know it more, we chose two typical desert shrub species, Hedysarum scoparium (C3 plant) and Haloxylon ammodendron (C4 plant), which were planted in cultivation plots at depths of 1.4 m, 2.4 m and 3.4 m sandy soil respectively in our study. Water was periodically supplemented at the bottom of each cultivation plot to simulate rhizospheric water stress. The activities of three key photosynthetic enzymes were measured simultaneously. The studies of cellular anatomy of assimilating organs and activities of C4 metabolic key enzymes, indicates that different photosynthetic organs possess different traits of CO2 fixation. The results also showed that latent photosynthetic capacity of Haloxylon ammodendron was restricted in immoderate water condition; however, in Hedysarum scoparium, C4 pathway was not only presented but also largely enhanced with the increasing depth of ground water. We propose that organ diversity of C4 photosynthesis in C3 desert species is the evolution of important adaptive capability for growth, survival and evolutional development in arid regions of China. Combining the observation we’ve made during the trials, those results suggest that there is a cue present for photosynthetic adaptation strategy in rachis of Hedysarum scoparium under severe desert climate.
To study the incidence and associated histopathology of fish helminthes in cultured tilapia,400 juvenile Oreochromis niloticus were procured from a local fish farm near Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia during September,2011. The fish were observed externally for symptoms of parasitic infections for a week The internal examination of the viscera and gills of infected fish showed the infestation of the monogenean ectoparasite, Cichlidogyrus tilapiae in the gills and the presence of encysted metacercaria of the digenean trematode, Clinostomum tilapiae in the intestines. The parasitic prevalence of both the parasites was 58%.The histopathology of the gills and intestine showed tissue damage and heavy infiltration of immune cells. Thus the key findings of this study suggest that the cultured tilapia in the intensive systems are infested with piscine helminthes which are pathogenic to fish and possess zoonotic potential which is of publich health concern.
This study presents the results of the possibility of application, and percentage of \nremoval of the oxygenate compound from oxygenates contaminated wastewater, with \na view to apply one of the multiple uses for this new design. The study was \nconducted using the most promising widely accepted technologies for removing \norganic compounds from drinking water, namely, air stripping, advanced oxidation \nprocess (AOP), inverse fluidized, adsorption and internal loop reactor. These \ntechnologies are evaluated as they apply specifically for removal one of the chem ical \ncontaminants namely Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether (MTBE). The experimental rig \nexperiments conducted at different air flow rates 7, 8 and 10 (L/min), with difference \nresidence time (2 -20 min) at a difference molar ratio of MTBE to hydrogen peroxide\n(H\n2O2\n) i.e. 1:10, 1:15 and 1:20. The results indicated that the optimum molar ratio \nbetween MTBE and H2O2\nis 1:20 with air flow rate at 7 L/min having the best \nperformance (90%) to remove MTBE from the synthetic wastewater. The major \nfinding that the overall design achieves the objectives by completion. The combine \nsystem effectively removes MTBE from waste water. Hope the environmental \nproblem will be reduced by treating the waste water contain MTBE before it is \nreleased to natural water sources.
Application of magnets for retention in dentistry have found wide acceptance and have been quickly incorporated into dental application.\nTheir advantages include easy cleans ability, easy placement, automatic reseating and constant retention with number of cycles. The main question of concern in magnets is their resistances to corrosion when used in oral environment for which many authors have suggested various modifications in design and newer varieties of magnets have been developed. The effect of magnetic filed and magnetic materials have shown conflicting results with various studies but nothing suggesting adverse clinical effects with in medicine and dentistry. Study conducted on retentive characteristics of different dental magnetic systems concluded that closed field system demonstrated greater retention force than open field system but retention reduces rapidly, with increase in separation.\nNewer magnetic systems have been made available for prosthodontics in the past couple of decades with the introduction of alloys of the rare earth elements samarium and, more recently, neodymium in closed-field systems. Rare-earth alloys produce a stronger and more stable magnetic force than was previously available because they have high magnetization and high resistance to demagnetization.\nThis article chronologically reviews magnets, its evaluation, newer modifications and application in prosthetic dentistry. \nKey words: attachments, retention, magnetic field, over denture, tarnish and corrosion
Experiment was conducted to fifty five rabbits subdivided into four groups. Control group (G1), animals received no mobile electromagnetic radiation exposure. Second group (G2) whose exposed to weak mobile usage electromagnetic radiation as three times per day for total exposure 15 minutes of connection. Third group (G3) whose exposed to medium mobile usage electromagnetic radiation as three times per day for total exposure 60 minutes of connection. Fourth group (G3) whose exposed to severe mobile usage electromagnetic radiation as three times per day for total exposure 120 minutes of connection. Histopathological examination for body tissues, hemoglobin auto-oxidation, dynamic motion, hemoglobin derivatives concentrations, intrinsic viscosity, antioxidants level as well as apoptotic related proteins were measured. Results showed no dramatic histopathological changes found in all levels of the exposure while significant changes in hemoglobin parameters were detected.
Water covers three-fourths of the earth surface and constitutes 60-70 wt % of the living world. Water properties are found to be very effected by magnetic and electric field. The aim of this work was to study to what extend magnetic treated water can enhance the hemoglobin derivatives concentrations where these concentrations are affected by environmental factors specially heavy metals poisoning as lead ions elevation. Experiment was conducted to sixty seven rats subdivided into four groups. Control group (G1), animals neither received lead ions nor magnetic treated water (MTW) as drinking water. Second group (G2) whose received MTW only. Third group (G3) received lead ions for 21 days. Fourth group (G4) those received lead ions concomitant with chelation therapy of di-mercapto-Succinic Acid (DMSA) without MTW. Fifth group (G5) those received lead ions concomitant with chelation therapy of di-mercapto-Succinic Acid (DMSA) with MTW. Hemoglobin auto-oxidation rate, blood intrinsic viscosity, hemoglobin electric conductivity and hemoglobin different derivatives concentrations. Results revealed significant enhancement in all hemoglobin parameters in all groups specially those did not exposed to heavy metals. In conclusion, it is safe to say that magnetic treated water play a role in enhancement of hemoglobin performance.
Background\nThe rheological properties of blood are an important marker of changes that occur in various pathological conditions. Changes in the rheological properties of blood serve as an indicator for early detection of many diseases. The literature data are insufficient about the influence of metal salts on the blood rheological properties. \n\nObjectives\nThus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Zinc (Zn) on the blood serum rheological properties of Cadmium (Cd) intoxication in male rats. \n\nMethods\nThe exposure of the rats to Cd (2.2 mg kg-1 CdCl2, injected subcutaneously 4 times weekly for 2 months) caused alterations in the rheological properties of rat blood serum. The rheological parameters, viscosity (cp), torque%, shear stress (dyne/cm2) at wide range of shear rates (s-1) for blood serum (225-1875 s-1) were measured in control , Cd, and (Cd + Zn) rats groups using Brookfield LVDV-III Programmable rheometer (cone-plate viscometer; Brookfield Engineering Laboratory, Incorporation, Middleboro, USA) supplied with temperature bath controlled by a computer. \n\nResults\nThe rat blood serum showed a non-significant change in the cadmium-treated rats\' % torque and shear stress at the lower shear rates (200-600 s-1) while a significant increase was observed at the higher shear rates (650-1875s-1) compared with the control. The relationship between %torque and shear rate exhibited a linear behavior for the control, Cd, and (Cd + Zn) rats groups. The rat blood serum viscosity increased significantly in the Cd-treated rats group corresponding to each shear rate compared with the control. While the administration of zinc prior to cadmium improve the rat blood serum viscosity when compared with control rats. The relationship between viscosity and shear rate exhibited a Non-Newtonian behavior for the control, Cd, and (Cd + Zn) rats groups. \n\nConclusions\nThe increase in blood serum viscosity might be attributed to destruction or changes in non-clotting proteins, glucose, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, antigens, antibodies and other blood serum components, and interfering with the antioxidant defense mechanism and leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The treatment of Cd-exposed animals with Zn reversed Cd-induced increase in the blood serum viscosity. \n\nKeywords: Rheological properties, cadmium, zinc, blood serum, viscosity, rats
Abstract\nBackground\nThe blood serum rheological properties open the door to find suitable radio-protectors and convenient therapy for many cases of radiation exposure. \n\nObjectives\nThe present study aimed to investigate the rheological properties of rat blood serum at wide range of shear rates after whole body irradiation with different gamma radiation doses in vivo. \n\nMethods\nHealthy male rats were divided into five groups; one control group and 4 irradiated groups. The irradiation process was carried out using Co 60 source with dose rate of 0.883cG/sec. Several rheological parameters were measured using Brookfield LVDV-III Programmable rheometer. \n\nResults\nA significant increase in viscosity and shear stress was observed with 25 and 50Gy corresponding to each shear rate compared with the control; while a significant decrease observed with 75 and 100Gy. The viscosity exhibited a Non-Newtonian behaviour with the shear rate while shear stress values were linearly related with shear rate. \n\nConclusions \nThe decrease in blood viscosity might be attributed to changes in molecular weight, pH sensitivity and protein structure. The protein of less spheroid shape is of higher molecular weight and aggregating capacity. The changes in rheological properties of irradiated rats\' blood serum might be attributed to destruction in non-clotting proteins, glucose, nutrients, hormones, and antibodies. \n\nKeywords: Rheological properties; gamma radiation doses; blood serum; rats
Pesticides have been a major source of pollution environment. The removal of pesticide azinphos methyl in water by Fenton (H2O2/Fe2+) and photo-Fenton (H2O2/Fe2+/UV) processes was investigated. The removal is strongly dependent on the pH, initial concentrations of the pesticide, H2O2, and Fe2+.The effect of these parameters has been studied and the optimum operational conditions of these two processes were found. The optimum conditions for the degradation of azinphos methyl in Fenton and photo-Fenton processes were observed at pH 3, with an initial Fe2+ concentration of 0.75 mmol/l and initial H2O2 concentration of 1.5 mmol/l with a pesticide concentration of 0.1 mmol/l.The kinetics of degradation was found to follow first-order reaction rules. The photo-Fenton system proved to be the most efficient and occurs at a much higher oxidation rate than Fenton system and allows achieving 96.5% degradation of azinphos methyl in 25 min of reaction time.
