This study used experimental measurements and numerical simulations to explore the use of ozone accompanied with TiO2 to improve the degradation rate of toluene. Different circulating airflow rates (0.1 m3/s, 0.12 m3/s and 0.15 m3/s) and initial toluene concentrations (40 ppm and 80 ppm) were used as parameters to explore the indoor toluene concentration degradation effect of the photo-catalysis of TiO2 accompanied with ozone (O3) under the irradiation of ultraviolet light bulbs. According to the research findings, when the circulating airflow rate was greater (0.15 m3/s), no matter if the initial toluene concentration was 40 ppm or 80 ppm, as well as either with or without ozone, the use of TiO2 could reduce the toluene concentration to below 10 ppm within 40 minutes. With the greater flow rate, the concentration degradation efficiency could also be enhanced under different flow rates. The experimental results showed that regardless of the operational conditions, the degradation effect of UV/TiO2/O3 on the indoor toluene concentration was superior to that of the method using UV/TiO2. It was also found that for medium and low circulating airflow rates (0.1 m3/s and 0.12 m3/s), the addition of ozone could efficiently enhance the TiO2 degradation of VOCs. In the case of a circulating airflow rate of 0.12 m3/s, the UV/TiO2/O3 degradation effect was better. Based on the experimental results, this study established a theoretical analysis model for the application of UV/TiO2/O3 in reducing the indoor concentration of toluene and conducted numerical simulations according to the proposed model, with very good simulation results. The proposed theoretical model could be used as a tool for the early design of air-conditioning systems to purify indoor air quality.
The main purpose of this research is to analyse the effect of the loneliness status of principals\
In this article, we introduce a new class M_{s}^{k}[α,β,λ] which generalizes the various classes of analytic functions with respect to k-symmetric points. Naturally, the class M_{s}^{k}[α,β,λ] combines the classes S_{s}^{k}(α,β) and C_{s}^{k}(α,β). We also study the coefficient estimates and obtain some inequalities related to the coefficients of functions in these classes. We develop the integral representation, inclusions and convolution conditions for the functions in the class M_{s}^{k}[α,β,λ].
This article presents an architectural framework of an expert system (ES) in the social area domain and describes the design and the process of development of the ES. The designed system is intended for the evaluation of quality of life (QL). The development of ES for QL evaluation is a new information technology derived from artificial intelligent research. The new expert system will contain knowledge about sets of factors and indicators, which may be used for QL measure, as followings: equal protection by the law; freedom from discrimination; right to be treated equally without regard to gender, race, language, religion, political beliefs, etc. The system is developing in CLIPS. The knowledge for the ES will be acquired from domain experts, texts and other related sources.
The diffusion behavior of Pt deposited on pure nickel by the electroplating process was examined by the analysis of Pt concentration profiles against the distance in pure nickel specimens for various diffusion times (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and16 hours) at 1050 ºC. Platinum diffusion coefficient was calculated by the use of the finite difference method. In solving the equations, it was accepted , that for a C(x) function, it is possible to approximate its derivative (slope/tangent) at a certain point by: the slope of the arc described as the difference of functions at the end of the calculation area or by the slope of the arc described as a reverse difference of functions – close to the samples surface; or by the slope of AB arc given as a central difference of functions – inside the sample. The platinum diffusion coefficient varied from 2.28x10-14 (for 2 hours) to 8.96x10-14(for 16 hours). The thickness of the diffusion zone is proportional to the a power function of the diffusion time. The exponent m of the power function is 0.4. As the m coefficient is slightly smaller than 0.5, we may expect, that the volume diffusion predominantly controls the layer growth and the boundary diffusion lightly contributes to the rate- controlling process
PURPOSE: To report a new quality of life questionnaire specifically designed to evaluate the outcomes of refractive surgical procedures.\nMETHODS: A total of 134 patients with ages ranging between 19-94 years were included in this study. 38.8% of patients underwent myopic refractive surgery and 61.2% underwent cataract surgery. The questionnaire consisted of 22 items that assessed the quality of life in patients undergoing refractive surgery. The VQOL questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the SF-36 Health Survey were completed by patients preoperatively and 3 months after surgery.\nRESULTS: An index of 0.97 was found in the internal structure in the VQOL questionnaire. Four identified factors accounted for 78.5% of the total variance (Far vision 26.1%, social relationships 18.9%, near vision 17.5%, personal autonomy 16.0%). The internal consistency of these subscales was 0.96, 0.93, 0.90 and 0.89, respectively. Relations between the subscales of the VQOL and HAD, were observed between the VQOL in distance vision and personal autonomy with the Anxiety and Depression subscales (p<0.01). Relationships between VQOL and the SF-36 subscales were detected between the distance vision scale and the Body Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Function and Mental Health subscales (p<0.05). \nCONCLUSIONS: A QOL questionnaire was developed to be a useful instrument for clinical practice. It was designed and validated for the Spanish population, in order to obtain reliable and valid measurements in refractive surgical procedures.
A generalized hypersubstitution of type $\\tau$ maps any operation symbol to the set of all terms of the same type which does not necessarily preserve the arity. Every\ngeneralized hypersubstitution can be extended to a mapping on the set of all terms. We define a binary operation on the set of all generalized hypersubstitutions by using this extension. It turns out that this set together with the binary operation forms a monoid. In this paper, we characterize all unit elements and determine the set of all unit-regular elements of this monoid of type $\\tau = (2)$. So we conclude a submonoid of the moniod of all generalized hypersubstitutions of type $\\tau = (2)$ which is factorisable.
Research works in the field of E-Learning are represented by a broad spectrum of applications, ranged from virtual classrooms to remote courses or distance learning. The challenge of the semantic web is the provision of distributed information with well-defined meaning, understandable for different parties. As such, the Semantic Web represents a promising technology for realizing E-Learning objectives. This paper describes a framework for the implementation of an e-learning system based on the Semantic Web. A questionnaire based qualitative methodology has been adopted for the development of the proposed framework.
Abstract\nCyclotrichium niveum (Boiss.) Manden.&Scheng;. is an endemic species of Lamiaceae family spreading in different regions of Turkey. In order to determine the ontogenetic variability in this species, the plant was harvested in its natural growing area for three times including the period of pre-flowering, full flowering and post-flowering. In each harvest period, the changes at essential oil rate and essential oil components existing in plant leaves were determined. According to this, the highest rate of essential oil in plant was determined in post-flowering period (5.58 %), and this was followed by full-flowering (5.45 %) and pre-flowering periods (2.83%). Whereas principal 28 components were determined in pre-flowering period, 21 components were determined in post-flowering period. In all harvest periods, the main component of the essential oil was pulegone, and depending upon the development of the plant, the rate of the essential oil increased, as well. The highest rate of pulegone was determined in full-flowering period as 74.37%. The rate of isomenthone as another important component was determined as 18.48% in pre-flowering period and the lowest value was determined in full-flowering period (6.61%). \nKey Words: Cyclotrichium niveum, , essential oil, ontogenetic variability, pulegone
This paper presents a description of vascular pattern recognition and identification. To build a three-dimensional model of the skull, a three-dimensional vision system designed by the authors for scanning the surface with a resolution that allows pattern identification was used. The model was used for the purpose of re-constructive examination to present the arrangement of blood vessels on the endocrinal surface of the skull. The paper discusses an example of a three-dimensional geometry of the vision system, and explains the method of acquisition of height profiles and building a 3D image based thereon. The outcome includes images of vascular arrangement on the surface of the test skull and a three-dimensional image of individual blood vessels.
The Boltzmann transport equation and molecular dynamics are often used to analyze the transport processes in nanostructures. Solving the Boltzmann transport equation and molecular dynamics model are generally difficult. The Boltzmann equation involves seven coordinates in phase space (three spatial, three momentums, and time). Fourier equation is averaged over the momentum space and thus involves only three spatial coordinates plus time, which can be solved using standard finite difference or finite volume methods. For calculations using molecular dynamics, due to the limitation of computing power and predefined empirical potential, most works have been restricted to systems with a small number of atoms and special cases. These form large contrasts with the simplicity of the Fourier heat conduction. This paper utilizes dual-phase-lag model to study the temperature field in nanoscale film, which is similar to the simplicity of the Fourier heat conduction equation. The results are also compared with those computed by Boltzmann transport equation to test the compatibility of the model for nanoscale heat transport.
A phenylalanine-restricted diet is the mainstay of phenylketonuria (PKU) treatment. However, this regime would not normally provide enough protein for growth requirements. \nThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of phenylalanine restricted diet on the physical growth in the PKU Egyptian children. \nTwenty eight PKU children were evaluated for different growth parameters. The study was subdivided into two parts. The cross-sectional part of the study compared between the PKU and the controls. The longitudinal part of the study compared between the PKU at baseline (PKUI) and after 2 years (PKUF).\nRegarding the weight percentile of PKUI, 85.7% were normal. On the other hand 10.7% and 3.6% of them were under the 3rd and above the 97th percentiles respectively. 75% of them were in the normal height percentile, while 25% were under the 3rd percentile. Regarding their BMI percentile, 67.8% were normal, 21.4% were overweight and 10.8% were obese. \nAll PKUF were in the normal weight percentile. Regarding their height percentile, 78.6 % were in the normal centile while 21.4% were under the 3rd height centile. Finally, regarding their BMI percentile, 46.4% were normal, 35.7 % were overweight and17.9 % were obese. \nIn conclusion, most of the PKU children lie within the normal percentiles for weight and height. Retardation in the weight and height growth was observed in a small percentage of these patients. The PKU children who were below the 3rd percentile for weight caught up the normal growth curve while most of the children who were below the 3rd percentile for height failed to catch up the normal growth curve and persisted below the 3rd percentile. Finally, with time many PKU children gain more weight and became overweight and obese.
L’étude porte sur cinq régions de Côte d’Ivoire. Elle a pour objectif de comparer et de comprendre l’organisation des réseaux de fractures du socle précambrien. Cette étude s’est appuyée sur les méthodes statistiques et géostatistiques. Les longueurs de fractures s’échelonnent sur au moins 2 ordres de grandeurs. Les réseaux de fractures étudiés ont atteint un stade de développement avancé selon les valeurs de ?. La distribution des espacements varie de la loi log normale à la loi de puissance soulignant les différents stades de développement de ces réseaux. Les réseaux de fractures les plus développés sont ceux de l’Ouest et du Nord-Est et les moins développés sont ceux du Sud-ouest. Les réseaux développés sur le socle sont spatialement structurés et organisés. Les variogrammes de Bondoukou, Korhogo et Oumé sont caractérisés par une multi-régionalisation mettant soulignant la complexité de la fracturation. La portée des différents variogrammes oscille entre 44 et 91 km et entre 11 et 56 km respectivement pour la fracturation globale et les familles de fractures. Le comportement de la fracturation dans les différentes directions de l’espace n’est pas identique. \nL’ensemble des résultats contribue à une meilleure connaissance de l’organisation des réseaux de fractures de Côte d’Ivoire. \n\nMots clés : Télédétection, fracturation, socle, statistique, géostatistique, Côte d’Ivoire.
In this paper a new model of OFDM system had been presented by using Fractional Fourier domain to analyze the behavior of various wireless fading channels namely AWGN, Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagami for a given modulation rate. The effect of these channels on bit error rate (BER) for proposed OFDM system had been presented for higher rates of modulation with the help of Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT). In AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician channels the SNR improvement from the proposed model had been achieved is upto 1.5 dB, where as in Nakagami channel it is 1.0 dB using 512 M-PSK modulation. In the case of 1024 M-QAM the improvement in SNR had been achieved is upto 1.0 dB for AWGN channel, 2.5 dB and 1.5 dB in the case of Rayleigh and Rician channels respectively. For Nakagami channel the improvement in the SNR had been achieved is upto 3.0 dB form the proposed OFDM system. Hence it could be conclude that the maximum improvement in SNR had been achieved in Nakagami channel for 1024 QAM modulation from the proposed model.
The teachers participating in the survey were all nursery and lower primary teachers specialized in the subject. It has been proven that the nursery teachers having the necessary competences are able to realize the development of locomotive organs and to instruct the corrective exercises. Referring to the studies of balance between the theoretical and practical training of remedial gymnastics it can be concluded that in the education of remedial training both the theoretical and the practical training is essential and neither of them can be successful without each other.
The success of manufacturing firms depends on their ability to understand the needs of customers and develop customer-oriented products at low production cost. In general, product development is a complex process involving intensive information processing and decision making activities. However, customers speak a different language from designers. Hence, understanding the voice of customers (VOCs) is more difficult than it appears. In this respect, quality function deployment (QFD) provides a widely used product development methodology for understanding customer needs and product fulfillment. We expect the result of research is that by placing this information in the projection matrix product, process, analyze decisions about priorities and strengthen customer demands and improve decision-making is about choosing the appropriate characteristics.
Background. The complexity of healthcare system means that misunderstanding and conflict usually occur at multiple levels at the same time \n Aim and objectives. This study aims at identifying the causes of conflict between physicians and nurses as perceived by Jordanian nurses \nMethods. Focus group interviews and purposive sampling method was used. A total of thirty nurses distributed to five focus groups were participated in this study. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the narrative data. \nResults. The accounts of conflicts between physicians and nurses developed in the primarily American literature appeared to apply to Jordan. The nurses were clear about what causes conflict between them and physicians’ and how to resolve it as well. \nConclusions. Physicians should consider the professional needs of the nursing staff and create environment of mutual respect among physicians and nurses. \nImplications for Nursing: This study raise the comportment in which healthcare administrator and policy makers monitor the work environment and create attractive workplaces and openness for both nurses and physicians to manage conflict positively. Foremost, there needs to be focus in conflict assessment, management and prevention, and supportive programs such as team development, reflective dialogue and feedback, and decision-making policies. \n\n Key words: Jordanian nurses, physicians, conflict, management ,hospital, qualitative study
The emergence of the Internet as a communication and sales channel has led to a new understanding of the means of trade in most markets. The tourism industry is one sector for which this channel has become increasingly important. The aim of this paper is to analyze the influence of familiarity with online hotel bookings on consumer confidence, loyalty and price satisfaction. Using a sample of 541 consumers who have made a hotel room booking through the Internet, the results show that when consumers are more familiar with a hotel room booking process, they have greater confidence in their decision, are more loyal and experience improved satisfied with price.
Abstract\nPeople spend most of their time indoors, which may have a negative impact on their well-being. research suggests that contribute to this potentially pathogenic fungal spores.\nThe study objective was to determine the level of potentially pathogenic and allergenic fungal spore types in the air of cars equipped with air conditioners as compared to those without the air conditioning system, used for driving instructions in a training center for drivers in Białystok. Samples were collected in the spring-to-autumn period of 2011. Analysis were conducted using the impact method with an MicroBio-MB1 apparatus and Petri plates with a SGA (Sabouraud) and PDA (potato-dextrose agar) medium and that are used for embedding and culture of microorganisms. Results of the mycobiological analysis showed the presence of potentially pathogenic fungal spores in the air inside the cars with and without air conditioning. The mean concentration was the highest in an air-conditioned car (1928.33 CFU/ m3). The most common fungal biota was: Cladosporium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Mycological analysis carried out inside the car showed significantly higher concentrations of fungal spores in air-conditioned cars than in without air conditioning.\n\nKeywords: indoor environment, car air conditioners, cars without air conditioning systems, mycological air pollution
A good regulation aims to achieve sustainable development, so it should assess the entire economical social, and environmental resulted impacts. Moreover, all the stakeholders have to participate in developing and designing it. This study aims to establish an implementation procedure to assess the impacts of regulation using plastic bags as a case study in Jordan. The factors affect plastic bags production and the impacts of littered plastic bags will be refined and weighted in accordance with their importance. Then stakeholders will be determined and their inputs will be analyzed to suggest actions to minimize the impact of plastic bags littering. The results of the study are a frame work shows how to use the regulatory impact assessment tool efficiently. It shows that Jordan consumes around 2.1 billion of plastic bags annually with average rate about 1 bag per capita per day and the best scenario to minimize the environmental, economical, and social impacts of plastic bags is by combining set of procedures that are increasing the public awareness and the value of the plastic bag.
As a primary research environment for the Dry Eye Symptoms (DES), a simple optical sensor based approach is proposed. The designed test is based on easy to use and cost effective equipment. The eye-blinking evaluation in the first step is based on a low cost imaging solution to evaluate the Symptomatic Tear Break-Up Time (SBUT). This factor is correlated with refractive index changes, using a surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor, in order to recommend an appropriate choice for artificial tears eye drops to treat the DES or various measures that can be used to avoid the symptoms. A tapered-fiber geometry was proposed for the SPR sensor in order to improve its response sensitivity (S=1 × 103). It can be used for refractive index changes (with resolution=0.0010 RIU) in an extended interval that includes the requested one [1.334-1.336] for real time evaluation of the tear sample. The multimodal sensor system was used to investigate the risk for developing dry eye on a sample consisting of volunteers in the 20 to 50 age group category (i.e. intensive professional computer users). The results of an experimental analysis were also reported.
This study developed a building’s natural ventilation system. Its main feature is the use of thermal buoyancy as the driving force to speed up air flow. Its heat source is a solar heat fluid system that uses pipes to transport the hot fluid into a hot fluid coil internally installed in the wind tower to partially heat the air within the wind tower. The temperature gap between the heated air and surrounding air causes density differences to trigger the buoyancy effect. Fresh air at lower temperatures enters the building via the air inlets at lower positions in the room, and the hotter air exits the building via the chimney due to the chimney effect. Thus, fresh air can be introduced indoors without energy consumption to achieve the purpose of carbon emission reduction and energy conservation. It can also produce heating effects inside the building when used in winter. The effects of the chimney coil size, fluid temperature, chimney length and number of chimneys on the natural ventilation of the building were numerically and experimentally investigated in the study.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has recently been defined as a systemic pulmonary inflammatory disease, although there is well established genetic risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease – congenital alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. The aim of our study was to evaluate possible associations of alpha-1 antitrypsin level and lung function in COPD patients with different alpha-1 antitrypsin genotypes.\nSerum alpha-1 antitrypsin concentration from patients (n=1167) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, defined according to the GOLD criteria, were analysed by nephelometry, alpha-1 antitrypsin genotype was determined by means of isoelectric-focusing.\nIn COPDpatients without alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (MM) a significant negative association of lung function (FEV1) with serum alpha-1 antitrypsin (r=-0,511, P<0.05) and CRP concentrations (r=-0.583, P<0.05) was detected; moreover the level of alpha-1 antitrypsin positively correlated with CRP concentration (r=0.667, P<0.05) In patients without alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, detected negative association of alpha-1 antitrypsin level with FEV1 and positive association with CRP level shows an importance of alpha-1 antitrypsin as a marker of systemic inflammation.
Objective: In the treatment of schizophrenia, one of the most important obstacles in the success and management of the disease is the stigma problem associated with the disease. This study has been conducted to determine the effects of internalized stigma on self-esteem in the patients with schizophrenia.\nMaterials and Methods: The study has been conducted with 60 schizophrenia patients who suit the research criteria and diagnosed as schizophrenia in the psychiatric clinics of hospitals in Erzurum. The data have been collected by using the \"Questionnaire on Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) Scale\" that determined the socio-demographic characteristics of patients, and \"Short Form of Self-Esteem Scale\". \nResults: A negative significant relation has been found between ISMI and SF-SES, when we have examined the relationship between the mean scores of self-esteem and internalized stigma levels of the patients.\nConclusion: The findings show that the patients’ self-esteem decreases with the increasing levels of internalized stigma. Based on these results, increasing psychoeducation and counseling services for patients with schizophrenia, and increasing the public awareness on this issue are recommended.
Many countries use Daylight Saving Time (DST) as a way to adjust electricity utilization during spring and summer months. The Iranian government moves the official clock forward one hour on the second day of spring and moves it back again on the last day of summer to reduce electricity consumption and peak load. In 2006 the officials decided not to change the official clock. Incidentally the country experienced five times more blackouts in that year compared to the previous year. In this paper a panel data analysis is applied to electricity consumption data from 16 electric power companies operating in Iran to study the impact of DST. ITerated Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (ITSUR) is used to estimate electricity consumption for the first six months of the years between 2005 and 2007. The results show that DST shifts electricity use from the evening hours to morning hours, resulting in a more even use of electric energy. However, the analysis shows that the implementation of DST does not reduce total electricity consumption in Iran.
Studies have been made on the laser surface alloyed Ti-6Al-4V with stellite-6 and zirconium forming intermetallic composites, with the view of using its hardness and wear properties as criteria under different laser conditions. A continuous wave Rofin Sinar Nd:YAG laser was used with emitting 1.064 µm wavelength. Stellite-6 and zirconium powders were used as ceramic reinforcement. The scan speed was varied from 0.6-1.0 m/min with laser power of 1.0/0.8 kW and other parameters such as powder feed rate, shield gas flow and beam diameter were kept constant. The microstructure of the developed titanium based composites was characterized using scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The addition of stellite-6/zirconium powder increased the wear resistance and hardness value in a multiple track deposited systems with 75% overlap which revealed micro-hardness increase from 372.5 HV for the substrate reaching a peak as high as 889. 0 HV for TS1 sample. Equally addition of the powders on to the titanium surface resulted into a reduction of 96% wear rate of the developed composite. The improvement in these properties was attributed to the formation of new phases and microstructures at the interface of the laser-surface alloyed sample forming interstitial compound.
Economic environment is changing rapidly and this change is characterised by such phenomena as the globalization, changing customer and investor demands, ever-increasing product-market competition.The main purpose of this paper has been to discuss the effects of performance management and their role in financial development and economical growth. The financial system can play an important role in economic development. An important number of theorists, starting with Schumpeter, have emphasized the role of financial development in better identifying investment opportunities, reducing investment in liquid but unproductive assets, mobilizing savings, boosting technological innovation, and improving risk taking. However, not all are convinced about the importance of the financial system in the growth process. Theory suggests that effective financial institutions and markets that help overcome market frictions introduced by information asymmetries and transaction costs can foster economic growth through several channels. The relationship between financial development and economic growth has remained as an important issue of economic debate. However, economists still do not agree on the role played by finance in economic development.
It is for less than a century that the systematic study of translation has turned into an academic field of science. Within this rather short era, Translation Studies has faced gradual changes during the time. One of the most tangible changes worldwide is related to the trends and research methods in translation. In this regard, delving into the tendencies of translation students, professors and researchers is of utmost importance. The present work was carried out towards introducing a new model concerning Translation Studies trends. As the global back-to-square-one model of Translation Studies trends claims, this nascent discipline begins with different aspects of Descriptive Translation Studies. Then, it is gradually oriented towards translation aids, such as IT applications or translation software and finally is brought into the realm of translation criticism, which inevitably includes one of the sub-branches of Descriptive Translation Studies, namely the process, product or function of translation. Thus, it has been tried to present the ones working in the field with a systematic set of steps taken, questioning the back to square oneness of Translation Studies trends.
The forward displacement of the generalized Stewart-Gough platform(GSP) is considered as to nonlinear equations for solving, but it is very difficult to find all solutions since the strong coupling of the nonlinear equations. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm based on standard interval analysis that allows us to solve the forward kinematics for GSP, i.e., to determine all the possible poses of the platform for given joint coordinates. Standard interval number was applied to the mechanism synthesis, and based on interval arithmetic toolbox INTLAB the standard interval number toolbox StandardInterval_V1 was compiled. Combining standard interval number method with hyper-chaotic sequences and taking hyper-chaotic sequences generated by hyper-chaotic neural network system as the initial values of standard interval number Newton iterative method, all solutions were found and the calculation steps were given. 4SPS-2CCS was taken as the research object, and combining with the characteristics of GSP solving model based on quaternion was established. Example shows the method is correct and effective. The standard interval number method based on hyper-chaos can run within the real range, and it provides a new approach for solving forward displacement of GSP and other strongly nonlinear equations.
Transmission principle is a foundation of study on design theory. A new kind of movable teeth transmission, higher order elliptic pure rolling movable teeth transmission with arbitrary teeth difference, is proposed in the study. In this movable teeth planetary transmission, the teeth profiles of actuating wave wheel and internal gear are all offset curves of higher order elliptic curves. The basic structure and transmission principles are introduced. The study proves that the transmission has stable transmission ratio. 12 kinds of transmission ratios can be obtained by utilizing different installations and roller number. The theoretical tooth profile and practical tooth profile equation are established, and the major characteristics of the movable teeth transmission are analyzed.
In forensics, the craniofacial reconstruction is employed as first step towards identification of the face from skulls. The relationship between skull features and face feature is not straightforward. This required sophisticated and computing intensive model to be employed to capture and describe this relationship. In this paper we use ridge regression to identify facial features from skull features. Also, we compare the results of ridge regression with partial least squares regression and other published results. The results showed that the facial feature can be estimated accurately and efficiently. Ridge regression performed better compared to partial least squares.
This study was set up at three locations (Samsun, Adapazari and Adana) in Turkey in 2008. Randomised block design with three replications was used. At each location 24 hybrids were tested from each of four maturity groups (FAO 400, FAO 600, FAO 650 and FAO 700). Measurements were made of the yield average (kg/da) and the yield components (kernel/cob ratio, plant height, cob height, moisture) were. The protein, oil and starch content of the kernels was determined. In each maturity group the highest yield averages were associated with the greatest average starch content, except for the FAO 400 group in Adana. The variety caused greater differences in protein content than the location. The highest oil content were found in the FAO 650 and FAO 700 groups, but the highest starch content were found FAO 600, FAO 650 and FAO700.
The aim of the study was to investigate the detail epidermal characteristics of the leaf and stem of 34 species of the family Brassicaceae which grow in different location of Saudi Arabia under desert conditions. The study was carried out using Light and Scanning Electron Microscope. The epidermal cell parameters, such as straight or sinuous, thin or thick anticlinal cell walls, smooth or warty cuticle, stomata and trichomes types were studied. Therefore, on the basis of these epidermal characteristics we divided these species into four groups on the basis of presence or absence of nonglandular trichomes. Group-1 represents 6 species and the leaves and stems of these species were glabrous, Group-2 represents 17 species and hairy leaves and stems were found in these species, Group-3 represents 5 species and leaves of this group were hairy and Group-4 also represents 6 species and stems were hairy. Also, species within each group were distinguished using other epidermal characters, such as cell shapes, anticlinal cell walls and stomata types. Key based on the epidermal characters is provided.
