Lady Mary Wortley Montagu\'s The Turkish Embassy Letters (1764) is one of the significant works that has portrayed the Orient. Montagu attempts to present the Oriental man as hypocrite and ignorant. Moreover, the Oriental man is inhuman and has no sympathy since he is a holder of slaves. This paper aims to study how Montagu portrayed the Orient and the Oriental woman, in particular, differently from other Orientalists. Her portrayal of the Orient can be studied by an examination of her letters. No one can deny her acknowledgement that the Oriental women have more liberty than their English counterparts besides managing of their own financial affairs. However, Montagu contributes to the Oriental stereotypical image of pleasure, sexuality and lust. Although critics think that Montagu is a feminist, it seems that she is neither a voice for feminism nor a hero for feminists.\nKey Words: Lady Mary Montagu, Oriental Woman, Turkish Embassy Letters, English Literature, Eighteenth Century.
The Market size or the sales of broadcasting industry in Korea is tending to expand according to its core has moved from public area to private area due to the change of broadcasting system from analog to digital. This study attempts to examine the economic impacts of broadcasting industry using an Input-output analysis. Specifically, the study investigates production-inducing effects, value added-inducing effects and employment-inducing effects of the broadcasting industry based on demand-driven model. Moreover, the study deals with supply shortage effects and sectoral price effects by using supply-driven model and Leontief price model, respectively, which have been rarely used. These analyses pay particular and close attention to the broadcasting industry by taking it as exogenous rather than endogenous. Lastly by comparing the forward and backward linkage effect of several industries, this study finds out the relative position of broadcasting industry.
Recently, many IT applications are required to deal with big data containing location information. Complex event processing (CEP), which is a kind of in-memory computing technology, has been the key to handle such large amounts of data due to its efficiency in analyzing the same. Event processing methods should handle issues such as data synchronization and duplication of data, and also provide means for real-time processing of big data. CEP has a trade-off between tuple latency and accuracy as resources are limited due to the fast-changing load conditions on a system. Therefore, it provides a load control technique which gracefully discards unprocessed or partially processed tuples without violating any QoS requirements of continuous query(CQ) in the system. However, The researches of complex event processing have not focused on providing specific primitives that manipulate the spatial aspect for location information. In this paper, we define spatial complex event processing (S-CEP) which includes spatial aspect for big data with location information and propose a load aware querying processing. The proposed method constructs a load control query network sharing spatial and non-spatial operators on S-CEP and assigns load functions which measure accuracy loss and load reduction ratio while discarding tuples. These functions are used to schedule a load control policy and able to maximize the overall QoS of the query results in case the system gets overloaded. Performance experiments based on a real implementation of S-CEP show quickly and accurately real-time complex analysis of big data between real-time data and existing big data stored in various data sources.
Government involvement in student loans allowed too many young Americans to go into debt and live far beyond their means with promises of great high paying jobs in the future that would make the money that was loaned to them for college seem small. The U.S. Government’s goal of “college for all” even for those who were better off without a college degree was certain to have dire consequences. The government forgot the one thing that gives anything value; scarcity. A person with a college degree in the past made more money than a person without it because a college degree was scarce therefore the demand for it was high and employers were willing to pay for it. Today a 4 year college degree is worth far less than a high school diploma in the 1950’s was because it is no longer scarce. Additionally, another unintended consequence of government subsidized loans is that young adults who are not sure what to study or do in life will too often choose the easiest major or something they think they are good at and then only after graduating learn that what they have studied has little or no practicality in the current job market.
Many prominent applications in wireless sensor networks require collected information has to be routed to end nodes in an efficient manner. In general, Weighted Connected Dominating Set (WCDS) based routing is a promising approach for enhancing the routing efficiency in sensor networks. Backbone has been used extensively in routing. Here an efficient WCDS algorithm for constructing a virtual backbone with low total cost, hop spanning ratio and minimum number of dominators is proposed. Here a systematic approach is reported, which has three phases. Initial phase considers the issues of revoking a partial CDS tree from a complete CDS tree. Secondary and final phases make the design of the complete algorithm by considering the determination of dominators using an iteration process. The findings reveal better performance than the existing algorithms in terms of total cost, hop spanning ratio and number of dominators.
In the study, some important methods such as; ANOVA, Henderson III, ML, REML and MINQUE which are commonly used in literature to estimate variance components, were aimed to investigate comparatively for balanced and unbalanced data in animal science. In accordance with the experiment, this study designed with not only the data obtained from the eggs of two commercial layer herds aged 28-week (young) and 80-week (old) which were stored under different storage time and conditions but also with interactive and non-interactive models. In this context, variance components related with effects of hen age, storage time and conditions on Haugh unit which is an important indicator of internal quality characteristic in eggs was used in the interactive model and egg weight was used in the non-interactive model were estimated with five methods (ANOVA, Henderson III, ML, REML, MINQUE). In balanced data, though the estimation of variance components in four methods were found equal to each other, error variance ratio in ML method was found higher. In unbalanced data, for the interactive model, though explanation rates of error variance to total variance are calculated approximately for the methods ANOVA, REML and MINQUE; ML (,32) and Henderson III (,39) was found higher. Also for the non-interactive model, the rate of error variance in ANOVA, Henderson III, REML and MINQUE methods was found approximately \' but for ML it was found B,16. According to research results, it is suggested that for the data in which balanced and normal distribution do not exist, other methods should be used except from ML, however, depending on data structure in unbalanced data it should be benefitted from REML method on condition that degree of freedom is low. It is expected that the research results will contribute to the statistical literature as well as the researchers in different areas in need of these methods.
Caries disease is a public health problem with a high incidence in Romania and also in economically developed countries. Daily use of computer is a habit among children, so we decided optimization cario-prevention in school children aged 6-12 using a software. We designed an interactive application as a \"diary\" in which the child answers questions like: have you brushed your teeth in the morning / evening / after eating sweets? have you had a tooth ache today? etc. Data is saved daily and the user profile is generating. The doctor is automatically notified by the application if the child tooth hurts. DMF-T index value for the study group was 2, the reason for dentist visit was pain (80.6% of case). The Pearson coefficient between the D component of DMF-T with the frequency of tooth brushing (-0,506), sweets eating (-0,595) and the doctor visits (-0,443) is statistically significantly (p=0.00). The software application “Dentist” by the child-parent-doctor feed-back mechanism is modeling the child behavior for oral health. The data obtained can be used as statistical data.
A novel adaptive evolutionary contrast function optimization technique is proposed here for blind source separation (BSS). This method draws its formulation from two other techniques: the local search and the shuffled complex evolution technique. It searches for a optimized solution in each group and mixes best solutions of each group to generate globally optimal solution. To cover a wide range of signal values and high speed processing, floating point operations for fast confluence evolutionary Independent component analysis (EICA) with Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design is proposed. A brief description of this Novel Fast confluence algorithm is presented along with pseudo code. This novel algorithm improves contrast function optimization in terms of convergence speed and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). It also ensures the convergence of the algorithm to a global optimum. Simulations are carried out for two problems to illustrate the positive impact of this Fast confluence EICA algorithm. The effectiveness of this method is tested by comparing the results with various parameters of FastICA(FICA).
Abstract:\nThis paper reports systematic appraisal of wavelet transform based imaging de-noising receiver for indoor optical wireless communication. For future high speed indoor optical wireless communication systems, wavelet transform based imaging de-noising receiver in indoor environment represent grand consideration. Performance appraisal is carried out in the presence of natural and artificial light sources in typical room location. The performance of receiver is considered in two arrangements: They are imaging receiver and wavelet transform based imaging de-noising receiver. The second scheme provides superior results than an imaging receiver. The simulation results thus showed for both Imaging receiver and wavelet transform based imaging de-noising receiver. The simulation results indicate that the wavelet transform based de-noising receiver offers significant gains in signal to noise ratio (SNR) compared to the imaging receiver.\nKeywords - De-noising; Optical Wireless Communication; SNR; Wavelet Transform.
In the discussion of article and virtue in ancient China, virtue is often in a higher position. However, in the early years of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Ge Hong\nproposed a new viewpoint. He put forward the article and virtue are equally important,the article is even more sophisticated than virtue. Ge Hong\'s bold statement is not only the the result of the status of virtue decline and the status of article arise, but also the reflection of the new values of ideal life in seclusion and writings from Ge Hong.
Jhumpa Lahiri, one of the second generation immigrants in America is a recent new wave literary artist. Her extensive travel in India and the keen observation of the post-colonial society has enabled her to realize the diasporic challenges. As a south Asian diasporic female writer, she writes about displacement, cross-cultural dilemma and the crisis of identity in the alien land of America though she has made it her homeland. Her novel, The Namesake projects Ashima and Gogol as cultural survivors in America’s multi-cultural environment. “Caught between two worlds - one unacceptable, the other unaccepting,” they ultimately become outsiders to themselves. This paper focuses on the experiences of the first and second generation immigrants in the settled land concerning their belief, customs and accent. Lahiri’s handling of these complexities in a lucid manner undoubtedly establishes her as a matured fiction writer.
Critical care patients, whether undergoing surgery or recovering in intensive care units, require drug administration to regulate physiological variables such as blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, and degree of consciousness. The rate of infusion of each administered drug is critical, requiring constant monitoring and frequent adjustments. In this paper, the drug infusion system is modeled using step response and in state-space. And the control is implemented using model predictive control strategy for both the models. The performance of this infusion system using a model predictive controller relies mainly on the model used for prediction and this paper aims to study the response obtained for the two models used for better performance.
Large data sets generated from large scale data-intensive applications incorporates distributed storage provided by data grids. Such distributed storage system associates Data fragmentation, secret sharing techniques to ensure the data confidentiality, solidarity and availability of crucial information. The data partitioning and replication techniques can be combined to achieve high performance in data accessing, secure storage designing. The data are secretly shared, the full set of shares are replicated and statistically distributed over the network. The shared replica allocation problem is divided into the Optimal Intercluster Resident Set Problem (OIRSP) which determines the clusters that needs shared replicas and the Optimal Intracluster Share Allocation Problem (OISAP) which determines the number of shared replicas needed in clusters and their placements. We here develop a heuristic algorithm for two sub problems. The Authentication of the data share can be done using network manager to improve security. The client access patterns for the partitioned data are more complicated. To avoid this, replicated data are authenticated and sent dynamically in the distributed system. The proposed algorithm achieves better performance and is close to optimal solution.
Based on the brief introduction of the operation principle and superior performance of PM deflection type three-degrees-of-freedom motors in this paper, the new PM motor air-gap magnetic field calculation schemes based on the analytical and finite element methods have been presented and the scalar magnetic flux density calculation formulae in the spherical coordinate are established. The rotor magnetic field model is built in 3D finite element software and computed with simulation to derive the flux density distribution under different magnetization modes. The results by these two methods are compared and validated. The theoretical analysis and computation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed structure; the rotor is easy to achieve three-degrees-of-freedom deflection motion, which can provide references for further research and experimental design.
Abstract\nTriterpene pentacyclic-3-acetic compound (12-13-dihydro-α-amirin-20 ,30-en-3-acetic acid) and triterpene pentacyclic-3-ol (12-13-dihydro-α-amirin-20, 30 - en-3-ol) are compounds that contain in the leaves of Eupatorium inulifolium HBK. The compound of 12-13-dihydro-α-amirin ,30-en-20-acetate has cytotoxic activity both of Hella cells (IC50: 0.574 mM) and myeloma cells (IC 50: 0.428 mM) is greater than the compound of 12-13-dihydro- α-amirin-20 ,30-en-3-ol (IC50 : 1.637 mM) and (IC50 : 1.515 mM), respectivelly. Compounds of 12-13-dihydro-α-amirin ,30-en-20-acetate is the acetate ester form of 12-13-dihydro-α-amirin-20 ,30-en-3-ol. Based on the result of previous study, it is interestingly to study of pentacyclic triterpene group which having optimal cytotoxic activity by both of Fibonacci method and docking scores to predict their activity.The aim of this study to determine the optimum cytotoxic activity of the ester compounds by both of Fibonacci method and molecular docking. Ester triterpene pentacyclic -optimized by Fibonacci method and according of the docking results, ester triterpene pentacyclic-3-heptadekanoat has the optimal cytotoxic activity. Ester compound as a synthesis results identified by infrared spectroscopy, and prove that there has been a reaction between pentacyclic triterpene-3-ol with heptadekanoat acid. As a ester formation, the hydroxyl group (-OH) both of pentacyclic triterpene-3-ol (± 3400 cm-1) and heptadekanoat acid (2500-3200 cm-1) was not appear on the infrared spectra. Peaks of 1708 cm-1 and 1186 cm-1 on C=O and COC as results of ester synthesis, respectivelly.\nKeywords: Optimization, ester triterpene pentacyclic-3-acetic acid; Fibonacci; Molecular Docking; Infrared Spectrometer.
Abstract Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze (F. bidentis) is an aggressive alien plant which had invaded farmland in Hebei Province, China. The present study is to comprehend the competitive mechanism and present a theoretical solution to control F. bidentis by assessing the effect of fertilizer in the field. Photosynthetic gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content, and related growth traits of invasive F. bidentis was compared with native Chenopodium album L. (C. album). Comparisons of nine fertilizer treatments at the fast-growing stage of F. bidentis were done. It showed that there is an increase in photosynthesis rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Yield), electron transport of PSII (ETR), leaf area per plant (LA), plant dry weight (PDW), relative growth rate (RGR) and N, P content of F. bidentis with the amount of N and P application except NHPH and they were higher than that of C. album. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was sensitive to fertilizer, but the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and K content showed no difference between the two plants or among different fertilizer treatments. These results showed that optimal N and P fertilizer can enhance the competition of F. bidentis, especially P nutrient. When compared with C.album, F. bidentis has a stronger ability to absorb N and P fertilizer, so necessary measures should be taken to control F. bidentis before the fast-growing stage, and choose low nitrogen and phosphorus plant to prevent the invasion of F. bidentis in the invasive area.
Separation of the different transportation paths from each other and constructing of exclusive lanes is a method used in order to increase the security level and reduce the interference among the traffic flows having different behavioral specifications. In this regard, construction of exclusive lane for motorcycle riders is an action which has been put forth in recent years, and has been considered by those responsible for transportation because the most important purpose in the researches and studies regarding the motorcycle is increasing the security level for motorcycle riders and establishing less dangerous conditions during riding these vehicles. This purpose is obtained through separating these users from the traffic flow and devoting one exclusive path for their going back and forth. In this article, the effect of the devotion of one exclusive lane for motorcycle riders on increasing the security of motorcycle riders is specified through the analyzing the specialists viewpoints, and the analysis of the resulted consequences was done with the help of K Square Test.
Consumers value the product efficiencies of consumption products and use evaluations of prices and functions as references when making decisions. Unlike consumption products, consumers use cognitive value after users’ subjective measurement as key factors when making decisions regarding cultural creative derivatives. Designs featuring cultural creative artists’ creativity and aesthetics are considered crucial factors that increase the perceived value of a product, and represent the perception of consumers’ purchase behavior, approval of the cultural accumulation of cultural creative artists, and awareness of the metaphors used for of cultural creative derivatives. In this study, we employed intellectual capital theory to develop a marketing structure suitable for analyzing cultural creative derivatives using cultural creative artists and the characteristics of cultural creative derivatives as units of thinking, expected consumer influence as the connection basis, and factor analysis and structural equations as the research tools. Thus, we proposed a framework adaptable to analyzing the marketing of cultural creative derivatives. The study tested this framework using consumers’ purchase model regarding cultural creative derivatives. The empirical results indicated that cultural creative artists possess high cultural literacy and creative abilities (human capital), which provides products with significant cultural symbolism and is positively correlated with the structural capital of cultural creative derivatives. The human capital of cultural creative artists can have a direct and positive influence on consumers’ purchase behavior, whereas the capital structure of cultural creative derivatives does not exhibit this behavior. Additionally, consumers’ cognitive value of cultural creative derivatives can increase their purchase intentions and loyalty in relation to cultural creative derivatives. Finally, the overall goodness-of-fit result achieved by the model indicated a high goodness-of-fit.
In this paper, we present a reliable combined Laplace transform and the new modified\nvariational iteration method to solve some nonlinear partial differential equations. The\nanalytical results of these equations have been obtained in terms of convergent series\nwith easily computable components. The nonlinear terms in these equations can be\nhandled by using the new modified variational iteration method. This method is more\nefficient and easy to handle such nonlinear partial differential equations.
The positioning of a wheeled robot is an essential manipulation problem in mobile robotics. Odometry is a well known method for determining the relative position of a mobile robot. For wheeled mobile robots, the use of encoders’ measurements at the wheels to reconstruct the absolute configuration (i.e., position and orientation) of the vehicle’s body is called odometry. This paper deals with the determination of better relative localization of a mobile robot by means of odometry with different experimental conditions using Taguchi method and Genetic Algorithm.
The tribological behaviour of the AISI 202 in unidirectional dry sliding against the steel was investigated using pin-on-disc standard test with varying sliding loads and normal loads. Nickel prices have been relatively high over the last couple of years. As a result there has been increased interest in low nickel or no nickel grades of stainless steel. One such family of stainless steels is the 200- series and use of these has doubled this decade. This paper is an effort to explore the adhesive wear characteristics of AISI 202 at elevated temperature and vacuum condition. The tests were carried out in a purpose built-in vacuum pin-on-disc tribometer capable of testing the material up to a temperature 1000˚C and in vacuum. Relationships between the weight loss and applied load, time in seconds and friction coefficient were established. It was observed that reduction in the applied load reduces the friction factor and reduction in load reduces the weight loss. Also, the friction coefficient reduces when temperature increases, for all the parameters considered. The morphology of the worn surface was examined using scanning electron microscope and the micro-structure of the sub surface is also studied. It is observed that at temperatures above 400˚C, this material exhibits adhesive wear and the evidence of self welding of mating parts has been observed in microstructures. It is also observed that the SS202 undergoes shear deformation during sliding wear. The coefficient of friction is dependent on oxygen level, load and temperature and the wear rate is dependent on the work hardening behavior of the material experimented.
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a global optimization technique based on swarm intelligence. It is inspired from the behavior of bird flocking. It is widely accepted and focused by researchers due to its profound intelligence and simple algorithm structure. Currently PSO has been implemented in a wide range of research areas such as functional optimization, pattern recognition, neural network training, fuzzy system control etc., and obtained significant success. In this paper the application of Particle Swarm Optimization for video coding is analyzed in two categories:1.PSO in wavelet based video coders and 2.PSO in Block based video coders. The multi objective PSO is used for optimal subband selection of the Dualtree Discrete Wavelet Transform in the first case and Directed PSO(DPSO) with Simplex Mutation search technique is proposed for finding the best matching block in the block based coders (Second method). The results are compared with techniques such as 4SS and 3D SPIHT. The video coding using DPSO with SM Search technique provides better PSNR values when compared to the Wavelet based coders with PSO.
This research aims to develop a Why Question Answering system integrated with image processing for\nproviding root-cause analysis or supporting knowledge used in the problem diagnosis, especially in\nplant diseases. The image expression is applied only on the Why-question part for providing\nWhy-question contents (i.e. plant symptoms) that are difficult to be explained by text. There are\nseveral problems involved to this research on the Why-question part, which includes how to determine\nthe Why-question type from the textual question, how to determine the Why-question contents from\nthe image embedded within the textual question, and how to determine the Why-question focus.\nTherefore, the authors propose using a Why-question cue set to determine the Why-question type, a\nBag-of-Visual-Words to solve the Why-question contents, and a causative verb concept /an effect verb\nconcept to determine the Why-question focus. Moreover, there are two problems on the\nWhy-answering part; how to generalize the previous extracted causality knowledge as the answer\nsource with the incomplete knowledge problem, and how to determine the corresponding answer. The\nauthors apply the Monte-Carlo technique to solve the incomplete knowledge and the verb-pair rules to\nsolve the answers with reasoning. Finally, the research achieves 78% correctness of answering.
A distributed computing environment, which comprises of several servers and a few number of middleware requires things like the load, object’s memory usage, object’s function execution duration and CPU usage of the middleware in handling remote method calls to be managed to provide fault-tolerance and to improve QoS. The task of the middleware is to identify the resource availability by analyzing the parameters and to entrusting task to the appropriate server. Although existing systems have number of techniques to identify the right middleware to manage such remote method invocations, their efficiency in considering all the factors have not been explored. This paper mainly deals with selecting an appropriate middleware for a given scenario and performing sufficient data replication at server side to improve high availability and also deals with performance fault tolerance of data by implementing a client log along with the usage of fault-detection protocol thereby improving QoS of the distributed computing. Thus choosing the suitable middleware along with data replication can impact in significant performance improvements and high reliability through fault tolerance than the default existing system.
Purpose: This study analysed the predictive ability of a self-determination theory (SDT)-based model describing coaches’ need satisfaction (perceived competence, relatedness, and autonomy), self-determined motivation, and perception of behaviour promoting their athletes’ well-being (self-control, use of punishment, social support, and support of athletes’ competence, autonomy and relatedness).\nMethod: Participants were 506 coaches. Confirmatory factorial analysis, bivariate correlations, and structural equation modelling were conducted. \nResults: Results provided support to the hypothesized model. Coaches’ need satisfaction was a strong predictor of perceived motivation and behaviour. Motivation in turn predicted perceived behaviour.\nConclusion: The results confirmed SDT as meaningful framework to understand coaches’ perceived behaviours and their antecedents.
In this paper a new technique for wheel profile wear monitoring is introduced. The introduced technique is based on processing images captured from wheels of a passenger train for a period of one year. In this research, multiple measurements of wheel profiles, using a digital camera and laser light, are conducted. In each measurement phase two methods are used: A) wheel profile measurement using a miniprof. B) The paper’s proposed method based on processing still images. Then dimensional parameters are extracted from the processed images, and the parameters are compared with the measurement data gained from the miniprof. In addition, the profile wear process is presented in forms of graphical and mathematical models.
Different rates of Poly Ethylene Glycol (PEG) were evaluated on in-vitro regeneration of eight grapevine cultivars (Tola-Gozo, Syah, Inah-Amjaei,Rishbaba, Garamalihi, Hoseini, Dast-Archin and Rasha. Some traits such as numbers and length of stem, leaf and root were studied. Analysis of variance showed that cultivars responded significantly different (P<0.01) to various rates of PEG. Comparison of mean revealed that Syah, Tola-Gozo and Hoseini cultivars produced the highest stem, leaf and root number and length in media without PEG. The result also revealed that Inah-Amjaei and Rasha cultivars produced the lowest stem, leaf and root number and length in media containing 60 g l-1 PEG. It was found that Tola-Gozo, Syah and Hoseini were best grown among the cultivars in median containing PEG especially at low concentration. Inahamjaei and Rasha cultivars did not grow well. Dast-Archin cultivar had the intermediate position in growth and development. Median containing PEG at rate 60 g l-1, significantly inhibited growth and development in all cultivars compared to controls. Genotype dependence was observed in this experiment and some cultivars were less affected by PEG. Plantlets cultured in all media containing PEG at all concentrations showed low stem and root growth and development depending upon concentration however, some local cultivars could grow and develop at some PEG rates.
In this paper, three new numerical computation method based on improved glowworm swarm optimization (IGSO) algorithm are proposed. These methods include solving numerical integral, nonlinear systems equations and matrix eigenvalues. Compared with the traditional numerical method, the method is their biggest advantage with parallel, adaptability and fault tolerance, and traditional methods can not solve the problem, we use the method can solve. The numerical simulation results show that the proposed these algorithm for solving numerical optimization computation problems are effective and have higher precision.
The studies on the usability of universities’ websites have received much attention among researchers. However similar studies in the context of Malaysian universities are still very scarce. To this effect, this study attempts to address this gap by investigating the usability of the Faculty of Information Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). Using the survey research methodology involving 417 students, the analysis of the data indicated that all the variables within the usability dimensions are significantly correlated with satisfaction. The developed framework and the developed instrument should be useful to both researcher and practitioners.
This research will present the optimal approach to mitigate the GPS-scintillation effects due to equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) during quiet and disturbed day and will disrupt radio communication and navigation signals like the Global Positioning System (GPS). Parameters on this study will focus on the differences value of Total Electron Content (TEC), Rate of TEC (ROT) and amplitude scintillation captured when solar flare happens on 7th June 2011, auroras on 8th, 9th June 2011, and 2 days before solar flare, 5th, 6th June 2011 captured from 18:00 LT until 06:00 LT; 06:00 pm to 06:00 am. Data was observed from different satellite ID, PRN received by GPS Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC Monitoring (GISTM) Malaysia data monitored by University Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM station. Simulation result shows that the TEC depletion in range lower than 40 TECU when plasma bubble occurred and amplitude scintillation index in strong level, S4 ≥ 0.4 during solar activity happen.
Local monitoring system is a powerful and low investment technique for securing the area using multi-hop wireless sensor networks (WSNs).WSN consists of number of energy constrained sensor nodes. Life time of WSN is based on nodes life, because nodes are scattered in the application area with non-replaceable battery. In WSN environments, resources are typically addressed through sleep-wake scheduling of the nodes. However, sleep-wake scheduling techniques in WSNs are vulnerable even to simple attacks. A new technique is proposed that promises to allow operation of WSNs in a manner that is both energy-efficient and secure. The new methodology On-demand Elmo (Energy Aware Local Monitoring in Sensor Networks), which enables sleep-wake management in which adversarial nodes that choose not to awaken nodes responsible for monitoring their traffic to maintain the quality of the system.
Task scheduling problem represents one of the most challenging problems in the field of robotics. The most glaring factor in this problem is the cycle time, which is crucial to the productivity. This paper details the work involving optimal task scheduling calculated using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Electromagnetism-Like algorithm (EM) on the other hand has been used to generate the robot\'s inverse kinematics that corresponds to each task points, with less error. In this problem, the manipulator moves between the task points, but ensured that no collision occurs between the links and the static obstacles during this tour. Therefore, this problem is a combination of two problems: optimal scheduling and collision free motion. Two examples have been drawn out to test our proposed method for four links planar manipulator, working in a simulated environment with static obstacles of different sizes and positions. The simulator was developed using Visual Basic. Net.
In this paper, we apply the notion of sb* - closed sets in topological spaces, to study a new class of functions called sb*- irresolute and sb* - homeomorphisms as a new generation of irresoluteness and homeomorphisms. Also we study the relationship among the irresolute maps and some of their properties.
Abstract\nSheep farming is a primarily traditional sector of animal breeding in Greece, with a very satisfactory adjustment to the Greek natural environment. The high production cost of Greek sheep-breeding farms constitutes one of the most constant problems of the sector, resulting in a reduced technical efficiency and low competitiveness in relation to other EU countries. Thus the conclusion is that any efforts related to the business development of the sector should be connected to the reduction of production cost. This paper aims at studying how the overall production cost is formed in Greek sheep-breeding farms as well as to define the connected relationship between the overall production cost and the value of the overall meat and milk production for the overall sample in relation to the size of the farms. What is more, the development of typology in sheep-breeding farms of the sample helps at defining their profile based on demographic and zootechnical parameters. The applied methodology has confirmed the positive correlation between cost and performance in milk and meat for the entire sample as well as the small and large-scale farms. As for the medium-scale sheep farms, it has been shown that cost is not related to the value of the meat production. On the contrary, in these farms there is high correlation of the cost with the value of the milk production.
This paper deals about pattern less casting process using CAD\\CAM applications, scanning/digitizing and coordinate measuring arm machine. One of the advantages is that the casting lead time is reduced drastically as compared to conventional methods of casting with patterns. An adjustable diffuser vane blade used in oil and gas industry was manufactured by reverse engineering and pattern less process starting from a worn out sample. First the blade was digitized by Cimcore-3000i 3D Coordinate Measuring Arm. The obtained point cloud data is imported to Pro/Engineer CAD\\CAM software to develop the 3D model and design the moulds. Then direct sand blocks (cope and drag) milling on Poseidon CNC specific purpose 5-axis machine was adopted completely eliminating any use of patterns. The moulds were directly used for metal pouring at the casting stage.\nKeywords- pattern less process, reverse engineering, vane blade, 3D Coordinate Measuring Arm, CNC machining, digitizing.
