A directed graph representation is used for representing a network with a minimum 3 nodes, namely source node, sink node and transit node. The bypass node having in degree 1 and out degree 1 is observed and a nearly closed network is identified from the various possible combinations of the framed network with respect to the direction of communication. A common word combination was observed and generalization obtained are formed as theorems and proved.
Nehbandan region is one of the deprived regions of Khorassan province and Iran. This region has a great deal of limitations and challenges. On the other hand, there are capacities and opportunities in the region. Recognizing the bottlenecks and capacities of the region and presenting necessary approaches for developing the region are among the objectives of the present study. From theoretical point of view, the present research is done on the basis of the regional policy making and removing deprivation from the region. Conducting the present research, field studies, comments of executive experts, satellite images, and the other data available in GIS were used. \nThe results of the present study indicate that the development of Nehbandan region requires an integrated planning system for removing or minimizing the limitations such as geographical isolation, location near the border, ecological and environmental restriction, illiteracy, and weakness in production infrastructures.
The behavior of reinforced concrete moment resisting frame structures in recent earthquakes all over the world has highlighted the consequences of poor performance of beam column joints, which are important in the reinforced concrete frame structures. Beam column joints in reinforced concrete moment resisting frame are crucial zones for transfer of loads effectively between the linking elements (i.e. beams and columns) in the structure. So it is especially much essential to reduce the vulnerability of Beam-Column joint towards the Seismic loading. In this experimental examination, Fly ash, a waste product, generate in thermal power stations is approximately 105 million tons each year (in India) whose percentage utilization is less than 13%, was added. This reduction in strength was tried to compensate by adding 0 to 2.5% of Nano Silica (nS) as it can react with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) crystals, which are array in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between hardened cement paste and aggregates, and produce C–S–H gel. Nano-SiO2 can behave as a nucleus to tightly bond with cement hydrates. Fly ash concrete with nano-SiO2 has the higher density and strength. High-strength concrete with nS has higher flexural strength. Seven exterior RC beam-column joint specimens (control) were cast, cured for 28 days and tested to failure. Three were only with Fly ash (20%, 40% and 60%) and the other three were with nS (2.5%) and Fly ash (20%, 40% and 60%). An axial load was apply on the column. Seismic load (Push and pull load) was applied at the free conclusion of the cantilever beam till failure. The concert of reinforced Nano concrete Beam Column joints and the Fly ash added RC Beam Column joints were compared with one another and then with the control specimen and the test results are presented.
Aiming at the phenomenon of low accuracy and premature convergence of invasive weed optimization (IWO) algorithm, this paper proposes a new invasive weed optimization with guidance of complex method, which employ the population diversity of IWO and local research of complex method with reflex, extend and compress, so as to improve the optimization precision and convergence speed, meanwhile make the algorithm effectively jump out of local minima. Finally, 14 test functions’ test result show that the algorithm proposed in this paper is effective, where the robustness, convergence speed and precision get more improvement.
We consider a mathematical model which describes the dynamic process of\ncontact between a piezoelectric body and an electrically conductive\nfoundation. We model the material\'s behavior with a nonlinear\nelectro-viscoplastic constitutive law, the contact is frictionless and is\ndescribed with the normal compliance condition and a regularized electrical\nconductivity condition. We derive variational formulation for the model\nwhich is in the form of a system involving the displacement field, the\nelectric potential field, the damage field and the adhesion field. We prove\nthe existence of a unique weak solution to the problem. The proof is based\non arguments of time-dependent variational inequalities, parabolic\ninequalities, differential equations and fixed point.
In this paper we describe the prediction process, which is the foundation of the on-line monitoring algorithm for multi-agent plan. In reality, the monitoring phase will utilize a system model in order to estimate (on-line) the possible system progression at each moment. The prediction process is composed of a simulation stage, where all the possible system states at the next time are predicted and of a clipping stage, where all the predicted states which are incompatible with the observations or with the constraints are rejected.
Abstract\nThis paper investigates to find out the relationship between the ownership structure and the performance of different Non-Financial companies listed on Karachi stock exchange. Those non-financial companies are selected that are listed from 2007 to 2011. Percentage share held by board of director is used as a proxy for ownership structure and for the firm performance Tobin’s Q is used as a proxy. Panel data technique is used to analyze the relationship. Results showed that ownership structure (percentage share held by board of director) does not have any significant relationship with firm performance. Control variables are also used Return on equity have positive significant relation with firm performance, while Return on Assets have a negative significant relation with firm performance. Our finding suggests that that the increase or decrease of board of director shareholding does not affect the firm performance, but the firm size may be affecting these results and family owned businesses. Consequently, for data that reflect market-mediated ownership structures, no systematic relation is to be expected.\n\nThis paper investigates to find out the relationship between the ownership structure and the performance of different Non-Financial companies listed on Karachi stock exchange. Those non-financial companies are selected that are listed from 2007 to 2011. Percentage share held by board of director is used as a proxy for ownership structure and for the firm performance Tobin’s Q is used as a proxy. Panel data technique is used to analyze the relationship. Results showed that ownership structure (percentage share held by board of director) does not have any significant relationship with firm performance. Control variables are also used Return on equity have positive significant relation with firm performance, while Return on Assets have a negative significant relation with firm performance. Our finding suggests that that the increase or decrease of board of director shareholding does not affect the firm performance, but the firm size may be affecting these results and family owned businesses. Consequently, for data that reflect market-mediated ownership structures, no systematic relation is to be expected.
