This research aims to present the influence of hold time on fatigue strength for perforated plate at elevated based on the inelastic behavior of both methods as the Neuber’s law and the Stress Redistribution Locus (SRL) method. The specimens are made from Stainless Steel (SUS304). The temperature is kept to be 550°C. The geometries of specimens are changed by diameter size of holes. The Neuber’s law and the SRL method are used to predict the cycle number of crack initiation, Nc and the cycle number to failure, Nf for perforated plate. The results demonstrated the prediction method for the creep-fatigue damage accumulated up to the Nc or Nf by using Neuber’s law and the SRL method under strain range of 0.5% and hold time of 0.1 h. The prediction trend by the SRL method is more accurate for prediction the crack initiation of perforate plate than that Neuber’s law. However, the selection of accurate and appropriate method for prediction is benefit in cost reduction for used material in design and construction.
In this paper, a meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method is presented to treat the diffusion equation with the Dirichlet, Neumann, and non-local boundary conditions on a square domain. The Moving Least Square (MLS) approximation is a classical MLS method, which the Gaussian weight function is the most common shape function. However, shape functions for the classical MLS approximation lack the Kronecker delta function property. Thus in this method, the boundary conditions cannot have a penalty parameter imposed easily and directly. In the method we choose a weight function that leads to the MLS approximation shape functions approximating the Kronecker delta function property, and nodes on the Dirichlet boundary conditions, which enables a direct application of essential boundary conditions without additional the numerical method. The improved weight function in MLS approximation has been successfully implemented in solving the diffusion equation problem. Two test problems are presented to verify the efficiency, easy and accuracy of the method.
The severe credit crisis began in 2007 in the US and expanded globally in 2008-09. It changed the basics of cash and liquidity management. Pre-crisis we had a situation where access to capital was not a direct bottle-neck even at fairly aggressive leveraged balance sheets and sub investment grade rating. During the crisis and in its aftermath corporate treasuries realized they needed to develop more reliable alternatives for funding and raising liquidity. A trend to deleverage, which many times was imposed by financial institutions, meant corporates started to build up cash cushions, in the form of reserve capital for situations of financial stress. This trend was many times also driven by the company’s stakeholders, including shareholders, who requested lower levels of debt and/or increased cash balances. The normalization of the financial markets after the crisis has thus led to improved capital structures and reduced reliance on committed facilities. In response to above mentioned situation, it appears that collaborative financing tools, such as supply chain finance (SCF), are generating significant interest as a way of freeing up working capital.\nOn the government side, the process for coping with the crisis by countries across the globe has been manifest in four basic phases. The first has been intervention to contain the contagion and restore confidence in the system. This has required extraordinary measures both in scope, cost, and extent of government reach. The second has been coping with the secondary effects of the crisis, particularly the global recession and flight of capital from countries in emerging markets and elsewhere that have been affected by the crisis. The third phase of this process is to make changes in the financial system to reduce risk and prevent future crises. In order to give these proposals political backing, world leaders have called for international meetings to address changes in policy, regulations, oversight, and enforcement. On September 24-25, 2009, heads of the G-20 nations met in Pittsburgh to address the global financial crisis. The fourth phase of the process is dealing with political, social, and security effects of the financial turmoil. One such effect is the strengthened role of China in financial markets.
In this research, the relationship between privatization and earnings quality have been examined with consideration of the following criteria: 1- Information content of income, 2- Income Predictability, 3- Accrual components of income (Xie, 2001; Dechow et al, 2010; Perotti & Wagenhofer, 2011). The statistical population included companies listed on Tehran stock exchange, which possessed certain characteristics. Data necessary for testing the hypotheses was gathered from financial reports, notes to the financial statements, reports of the board of directors to the general meeting of shareholders, the comprehensive information database of the stock exchange , Tadbirpardaz and Rahavard Novin software and the website of the privatization organization for the period 2003-2010. The pooled data method was applied for data analysis and the normal squares regression for testing the hypotheses. Results indicate that privatization has increased income predictability in previously state enterprises, while no increase has been observed in the information content and accrual components of income.
Abstract- Information on gender of a person plays a vital role in the applications such as crime investigation, authentication and to determine statistical report on the visitors. In this work, automatic gender classification using ridge count and ridge width (ridge parameters) and the physical size of the fingerprint were used for the study. As a first step core and delta (singular points) of the given fingerprint were identified and with respect to these points, the ridge parameters were measured for the 2840 fingerprints of internal database. It is found that the occurrence of ridge count, ridge width and physical size of male and female varies. Thus, based on the probability of occurrence of certain RC, RW and PS, different scores have been assigned for male and female for a given unknown fingerprint. Sum of scores of all parameters for male and female is calculated and compared and the higher score gender is declared as a result. This score based threshold method for the gender classification produced comparable results than the earlier publication. Gender classification for any finger of male persons tested is attained 92.70% and 87.35% is attained for female persons. Overall classification rate of 90.03% has been achieved.
The intent of this paper is to clarify the relationship between four individual types of investors (i.e. impetuous, careful, confident and anxious) and their associated risk tolerance and herding bias. For the purpose of the study, a survey of voluntary individual investors was conducted and 389 valid responses were collected. After reviewing several prior studies on the influence of psychology on investors, a linear structural model—based on the BB&K model—was constructed for further use in evaluating the path of herding formation. The results showed that the more impetuous investors would be directly prone to herding bias, but that they also exhibit a higher risk tolerance. However, risk tolerance would be fully mediated by the “level of confidence” and herding bias, but not by the “method of action” for individual investors.
ABSTRACT: In this paper we develop a model for plasmodium knowlesi malaria transmission dynamics in Monkey-Mosquito-Human population. Conditions are derived for the existence of endemic and disease free equilibria. Stability analysis of the model shows that that disease free equilibrium is both locally asymptotically stable and globally asymptotically stable if a certain threshold quantity (Rₒ) holds. We show that if Rₒ<1 then the disease become extinct, whereas if Rₒ>1 the disease persists. The endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. If Rₒ>1 ,then the unique equilibrium is globally stable for small- plasmodium knowlesi malaria induced monkey death. Thus, in the case plasmodium knowlesi malaria persists in the mosquito- monkey population. Numerical simulations show that the endemic equilibrium, when it exists, is unique and is globally stable.\n\nKEY WORDS: Plasmodium knowlesi, Malaria, Equilibra,Macaca fascicularis, Leucosphyrus
Heavy metal pollution in the Black Sea and its toxic effects on human health are discussed in this study. The pollutants that are carried to the Black Sea through rivers and streams are going to be evaluated according to literature and the measurements made by related institutions. The data are going to be upheld by graphics such as maps, photographs and satellite images. \nThis study aims to state the effects and imminent effects of metals, carrying through rivers and streams to the Black Sea, on human health. It will be determined which region is of high pollution, how the pollution happens, which metals are in which density, what effects they are of on human health, what kinds of diseases they may lead to, and then what kinds of measurements should be taken at the end of the data evaluation. In this context, suggestions appropriate to the norms of World Health Organization (WHO) will be put forward.\nKey words: Pollution, heavy metal, health, Black Sea
The aim of this paper was to show how the environmental performance of products can be improved by Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) as well as how to redesign a product using the Ecodesign approach. The application of LCT into the redesign process of a plastic spool was described and demonstrated by using the Ecodesign Assistant tool. Based on the recommended improvement measures and ideas the new 3D models of eco spools are created and proposed as the solutions in redesign of a plastic spool. The result indicated that the Ecodesign Assistant could be very useful tool for integrating environmental aspects into product redesign process.
This paper proposes a new approach for absolute asymptotic stability analysis. This method applies for discrete-time switched linear systems with infinite number of switching. A sufficient condition for absolute asymptotic stability of infinite number of switched linear systems is proposed as a theorem.
Even though the market data has a vital importance for the price discovery and the risk management for the aggregators and algorithms as well as for exchanges as an additional income source, the economics of data dissemination is quite new. This first academic attempt to understand the market data policies compares approaches to market data in selected exchanges (namely NASDAQ OMX, London Stock Exchange-LSE, Deutsche Börse, BOVESPA, Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing-HKEx, Russian Trading System-RTS, Warsaw Stock Exchange-RTS, SIX Swiss Stock Exchange) to address the important components. The results show that in order to improve the market data revenues exchanges should have standard data dissemination policies based on product and price discrimination incorporating various types of counting the data as well as separate strategic approaches to reference, non-display and derived data.
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and stakeholder loyalty to the Malaysian organisations. Stakeholder satisfaction was used to measure the mediating effects between CSR and stakeholder loyalty. A developed CSR items were used to measure the CSR of an organisation. The research was conducted using online survey to reach 377 organisations that have CSR’s initiatives. Results showed that Malaysian stakeholders were loyal with organisations that have CSR. Stakeholder satisfaction also found to fully mediate the relationship between CSR and stakeholder loyalty. Furthermore, a constructive CSR dimension(s) would be better to measure the stakeholders’ relationship. Importantly, the study shows the importance of CSR towards stakeholder loyalty. Once the needs are more clearly identified and understood, organisation will be in a better position to also anticipate stakeholders’ satisfaction in order to gain loyalty from the stakeholders.\n\nKey words Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), stakeholder satisfaction, stakeholder loyalty, Malaysia
This paper proposes a simple necessary condition for stability of uncertain LTI systems. If the system is asymptotically stable then the coefficients of the characteristic equation of system lie in the given intervals. The negation of this necessary condition for stability can be considered as a sufficient condition for instability. The coefficient intervals can be obtained by a very simple method. Therefore this method can be used in robust stability analysis of LTI systems.
in this paper chaotic circuit based on Chua\'s circuit has been considered. For nonlinear controlling of chaos of memristor chaotic circuit the feedback linearization method has been used for linearization of system and then pole placement method has been used for stabilizing and controlling chaos of Chua\'s circuit which can be represented as a nonlinear system. The simulation results are very promising.
The researches performed within the scientific paper proposed will be directed to the study of stochastic process and developing mathematical models with direct application in the domain of mechanical engineering. In this paper are presented theoretical contributions to the study of linear equation where vibration is a function term disruptive random. Thus, are presented theorems and their consequences on random features to function travel speed and disruptive forces.
The present work is concerned with the steady flow of an incompressible conducting fluid bounded by two parallel permeable plates under an externally applied magnetic field. The slip boundary conditions are applied to walls. The governing continuity and Navier-stokes equations are reduced to a forth order nonlinear differential equation by using vorticity definition and similarity solution transformation. The obtained equation is solved by applying the analytical homotopy perturbation method (HPM). In most works, The HPM has been used to solve nonlinear differential equations with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. This work demonstrates that HPM is able to solve problem with mixed (Robin) as well as other boundary conditions. The results show that velocity decreases by increasing the magnetic field and wall skin friction decreases as injection is increased.
Abstract:\n The issue of unemployment rate among the graduates in Iran has become a worrying trend. This issue becomes worse due to the current global economic turbulence which affected the labor market. Starting up any entrepreneurial activities does not occur spontaneously. It is driven usually by individual own intention. Some students become entrepreneurs who run their own business activities but most of the students do not get themselves involved in any businesses. What is the difference between these two groups of students? Could it be their backgrounds, personalities, attitudes, behaviors, skills, supports, or could it be their emotional intelligence? The aim of this article is to evaluate the relation between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial intention of university students. It should be mentioned that the role of gender was evaluated in each variable in this study. For this purpose we used sample of 300 students from Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch. The questionnaire of this study is consisting of 18 items and the reliability of this questionnaire tested by Cronbach’s alpha. We got benefit from regression analysis to get results. The results are shown that there is a linear relation between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial intention. We also find that gender has effect on emotional intelligence but it doesn’t have effect on entrepreneurial intention of university students.\nKeywords: Entrepreneurial intention, Emotional Intelligence, Entrepreneurship, University student, Education
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in mathematical education is a very active field of research and innovation, where learning is understood to be meaningful and grasping multiple linked representation rather than rote memorization. This paper will highlight the interest of the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) into the teaching and learning of mathematics (quadratic functions), it aims to investigate the effect of four instructional methods on students’ mathematical understanding and problem solving. The instructional methods are cooperative learning combined with ICT task-manipulation (COOP+MANI), individualized learning combined with ICT task-manipulation (IND+MANI), cooperative learning combined with ICT task-construction (COOP+CONST), and individualized learning combined with ICT task-construction (IND+CONST). Quantitative and qualitative methods are used to report about 43 students in middle school at Al-Quds. Results showed that mathematical thinking and problem solving evolves as students engage with ICT activities and learning cooperatively.
The genomic relationship among five Cenchrus of Saudi Arabia were re-assessed by numerical analysis of combine data resting on seed protein electrophoresis, DNA (RAPD) and ISSRs. The species were divided into two main groups : ( i ) C. ciliaris and C. pennisetiformis at 85.36% similarity level. Group ( ii ) comprises the remainders which divided into two subgroups: ( ii-a ) consisting only one species; C. setigerus at 83.87% similarity level and ( ii-b ) comprises two species; C. biflorus and C. echinatus at 84.41% similarity level. The present work shows the usefulness of electrophoretic patterns of seed storage protein, RAPD and ISSRs markers for genetic characterization to establish phylogenetic relations among Cenchrus species.
Relationship among five species belonging to genus Cenchrus of family Poaceae in western Saudi Arabia were reassessed by numerical analysis of combine data resting on macro – and micro morphology. An Artificial key is constructed on the basis of the diagnostic characters of the studied species. By the use of numerical analysis features, the 59 characters (31 morphological characters and 28 anatomical characters) used in cluster analysis to establish the relationships between the studied species of genus Cenchrus. The five species were divided into two main groups, group I including C. ciliaris and C. pennisetiformis at 90.79% similarity level; while group II divided into two subgroups: subgroup (a) containing only one species; C. setigerus at 92.24% similarity level and subgroup (b) comprises two species; C. biflorus and C. echinatus at 92.79% similarity level. This indicate the importance of macro and micro morphological characters as diagnostic features in taxonomic significant
Recently, usable speech criteria are proposed to extract minimally corrupted speech for speaker identification (SID) in co-channel speech. In this paper, we propose a new usable speech extraction method based on the pitch information obtained from a multi-resolution analysis by empirical mode decomposition (MREMD). The idea is to retain the speech segments that have only one pitch detected and remove the others. Evaluation of this method is performed on TIMIT database referring to the Target to Interferer Ratio measure. Co-channel speech is constructed by mixing all possible gender speakers. Results do not show much difference for different mixtures. For the overall mixtures 94.97% of usable speech is correctly detected with false alarms of 16.52%.
In this research we focus on the linear Boussinesq equation. We presented a new matrix\nformulation technique with arbitrary polynomial bases for the numerical/analytical solution of this equation. Not only the exact solutions are achieved by the known forms of the series solutions, but also for the finite terms of series, the corresponding numerical approximations are computed. A simple and efficient algorithm based on an iterative process has been proposed for numerical solution of the method. Finally, some examples are given to show the efficiency of approach.
Introduction: Evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species play a role in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study was designed to investigate the effect of pre-treatment with Green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract (GTE) on kidney histopathology, function markers and antioxidant activities in renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) induced injury in the rats.\nMaterials and Methods: A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham, IR model and three I/R+GTE (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%)-treated groups (n = 8 per group). I/R groups’ kidneys were subjected to 60 min of global ischemia at 37 °C followed by 30 min of reperfusion. At the end of reperfusion period, the rats were sacrificed. Superoxide dismutage, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione and renal malondialdehyde content were determined in the renal tissues. Kidney function tests and histopathological examination were also performed. Results were compared with a group of rats with sham operation.\nResults: High serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid as well as malondialhehyde (MDA) levels, and low antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in I/R rats compared to the sham rats. Pre-treatment of GTE extracts for 30 days prior to IR operation improved renal function, reduced IR induced renal inflammatory and oxidative injury. \nConclusions: The results of this study showed that GTE significantly prevented renal I/R-induced functional and histological injuries.
ABSTRACT\nIn order to study the effects of salinity stress on germination and growth in maize cultivars, experiment was\nconducted in factorial form using a completely randomized design with three replications. In this experiment, eight\nmaize cultivar including K3615/1, S.C704, B73, S.C302, Waxy, K354٥/6, K3653/2, and Zaqatala were used in six\nlevels of salinity treatment (distilled water as control, 25mM, 50mM, 75mM, 100mM and 125mM) by using\ndifferent NaCl concentrations. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences between salinity\nstress levels. In normal concentrations, the highest percentage of germination in Zaqatala and K3653/2 was\nobserved. That there was no significant difference with S.C704 and S.C302. Maximum root length, was seen in b73,\nand with Zaqatala was no significant difference. In 50, 75 and 100 mM salt, the highest and lowest root length,\nrespectively, in B73 and K3545/6 was seen. The most shoot Length, in normal conditions, in cultivar K3615/1 was\nobserved which no significant difference with S.C704. With increasing salinity to 25 mM, the highest root fresh\nweight was seen in Zaqatala and S.C302, respectively. Finally we can say that the germination rate decreased with\nincreasing salt concentration. Results showed that with increasing salt concentration, root and shoot elongation is\ndelayed and there are significant differences between them.\nKey words: NaCl, Maize, Germination, Growth
In recent years there is growing body of research which analyzes the effects of the generalization in mathematics teaching and learning. However, this growth has been formed generally and there is a deep incuriosity of its application in special concept at details such as: limitation, derivation, integral and etc. The main goal of this study is the importance of generalization techniques in problem solving and teaching of integral concepts based on teachers\' lesson plan for integral concepts. Results revealed that most of teachers do not pay attention to the role of generalization in their lesson plan and it is much oppressed in mathematics teaching and mathematical problem solving processes
With the increasing of the grid computing application, grid security has been the important aspect for assuring the user community that the system is protecting from unwanted entered. Grid computing provides much useful functionality to its users, so building a collaborative computing environment over an Internet must provide a strong strategy to secure this functionality, because no server, application or database is immune from attacks, from data theft or malicious behavior. Grid securing starts with defining each user with the authority to access the function and the data sets within the system. This paper provides an overview about the system security in grid technologies that been discussed in many researches and also shows the possible weaknesses of each one.
Nano manipulation is used as a tool for analysis in Nano technology and biotechnology. The deformation control of Nano particles in manipulation of biological Nano-particles with high possibility of deformation has high importance. Dynamic modeling is an essential tool in understanding the processing nano manipulation. Thus, Nano particles can be routing at every moment, and their deformation can be observed continuously. In this article, deformation of spherical Nano particles in contact mode, during the operations of manipulation by using rectangular cantilever, v-shape and dagger shaped which has the most usage in atomic force microscopy is investigated. In order to produce the proper dynamic model and investigate the deformation governing the particle by three-mentioned cantilever during the manipulation operations, the following steps has been made. First, the atomic force microscope probe is modeled as one torsional and two linear springs, and by using free matter diagram of cantilevers, equations that express the dynamic governing the cantilever is derived. As second step, the modeling particle in order to deformation of the particle based on Johanson, kandall and Robert’s contact model and free matter diagram is realized. Finally, the effect of cantilever on nano particle’s deformation is investigated.
