This study aims to investigate the environmental sensitivity of students who receive education in different Universities and do sports in various branches in Turkey. The scores obtained from five-point likert survey (from Environmental Attitude Scale) are calculated on an average and the various inferences were made. \nA total of 340 students who receive education in different Universities and classes in Turkey, including 228 of them are male (75%) and 76 of them are female (25%) were participated. Average score ( = 3.68) that are obtained by sporter students from \"environmental attitude\" scale is \"agree\". Female students\' environmental attitude scores are higher than men’s. \nKey Words: Environment, Athlete, University, Student, Environmental Attitude.
This paper investigates to optimize the process parameters such as mesh size, orifice diameter, abrasive flow rate, pump pressure, stand-off-distance and feed rate in abrasive Waterjet machining (AWJM) of austenitic stainless steel-AISI 202 and to study their effect on surface roughness (Ra) and taper angle (TA). The Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and Simulated Annealing Algorithm (SAA) with Taguchi method are applied to solve multi- response problem. An L18 orthogonal array is used to conduct the experiments. The combination of Taguchi based GRA method enables to determine the optimal level of parameters in the first phase. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to find the significant factors in the process. In the second phase of work, a non linear regression model has been generated with respect to Grey Relational Grade and the factors. The Simulated Annealing Algorithm is applied on the nonlinear model and the near global optimal values are obtained. The confirmation test is conducted with the optimal factor levels to validate the proposed approach.\n\nKey words: Abrasive Waterjet Machining, Taguchi method, Grey Relational analysis, simulated annealing algorithm.
This study focuses on the e-story writing in the blog by students at Hankuk\nUniversity of Foreign Studies, Korea. The objectives of the study were to identify the\ntypes of stories written and to discuss the content of the stories among the students.\nThe students involved were eleven subjects from a class of Media in language\nlearning class. The subjects were Koreans learning the Malay language as a foreign\nlanguage. The subjects were to write in their blogs on their activities during the\nsemester. The subjects were to write three days a week for ten weeks in a semester.\nTherefore, in ten weeks, there were 30 posts for each subject and 330 posts from the\neleven subjects. The posts of the blog were identified and selected extracts that were\nrelated to the study were analyzed for the purpose of the study. The discourse\nanalysis method was used to analyze the content of the writing. The results of the\nstudy revealed that the subjects preferred stories about friends, food and outings. The\nresults of the study also revealed that most of the subjects were contented about\nwriting and they gained confidence when writing about themselves. This study\nimplicates educators and researchers in creating new activities to enhance language\nlearning. It is hoped that future study will concentrate on the use of blog writing to\ndisseminate ideas and suggestions towards better learning.
Today, the role of working with suppliers for firms to achieve their objectives is increasingly gaining importance and the problems of selecting the supplier, which is among the multi-criteria decision making problems, are the problems that are frequently encountered within the supply chain management. Determination of convenient criteria, clear expression of interactions and usage of suitable methods are very important for the solution of these problems.\nConsideration of more than one criterion and even the sub-criteria of these criteria during the supplier selection makes the selection vague. Conventional methods can not generate a realistic solution for the problem. Therefore, the use of multi-criteria decision making methods considerably simplifies the solution of the problem and enables the decision makers to make accurate decisions. In this study, the literature review on multi-criteria decision making methods used for the supplier selection problem that was conducted between 2001-2011, is performed, multi-criteria decision making methods used in supplier selection are classified under three main topics and a summary table of the examined studies is generated.
One of the most problematic areas for foreign language learning is collocation. It is often seen as arbitrary and overwhelming, a seemingly insurmountable obstacle to the attainment of native-like fluency, and over the past decades, studies of EFL/ESL vocabulary acquisition have pinpointed the importance of collocations in language learning. Most findings showed that general collocational knowledge among EFL learners was insufficient and that collocational knowledge is beneficial for EFL learning, by greatly facilitating language learning, comprehension, and production (Benson & Voller, 1997). Therefore, to meet the challenges associated with EFL learners\' acquisition of collocational knowledge, it is imperative to investigate different teaching methods. The present study compared the effect of implicit and explicit collocation instruction on Iranian Intermediate EFL learners’ speaking skill. To do so, 60 Iranian intermediate participants (24male and 36 female) who were majoring in different fields of English language studies (literature, translation) at the faculty of foreign languages at Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, were randomly divided into two experimental groups and received two different treatments (implicit and explicit collocation instruction). At the end of the treatment, the result of the independent samples t-test on the participants’ speaking posttest mean scores led to the rejection of the null hypothesis; implying that there was a significant difference between explicit and implicit collocation instruction on EFL learners’ speaking skill and those students who received explicit collocation instruction outperformed the other group. This study suggests that direct collocation instruction can be a worthy practice in teaching, although more extensive studies need to be carried out to further support the findings.\nKey Words: explicit collocation instruction, implicit collocation instruction, speaking skill
In this paper, dynamic response and vehicle vibration in two states of moving over a bump and a wheel unbalancing was studied. The most important task of a vehicle suspension system is to provide a comfortable drive for the passenger. This is done by designing a proper spring damper system. A common method for improving the performance of the suspension system is using a controller alongside a spring-damper system. In this research a vehicle is considered as a model with seven DOF. The vehicle was simulated by using a certain bump as the input as well as the wheel unbalancing and the time domain responses of the system were obtained in MATLAB.
A grid computing is a collection of distributed computing resources owned by many organizations across boundaries and not dedicated for a single user available in the Virtual Organization. Resource selection is one of the open issues in computational grid for scheduling complex job. Recently, trust is concerned for selecting a high degree of strange resources available in grid environment. We introduced a new method for finding the trusted resource for computing the job in the grid. In the proposed method, the trust is computed based on the user’s feedback and the performance of the resource. While selecting the matching resource in the grid, the performance is computed and the overall trustworthiness is compared for computing the job. The result of the resource selection algorithm is calculated and found the weight for various request is above the threshold. In our proposed algorithm job is submitted only to the trust resource available in grid. \n\nKeywords. Trust, Trustworthiness, Trust Management, Resource Selection, Job Scheduling, Agent, Feedback, Resource Performance
Stock Markets have been one of the major players in determining the economic backbone of any nation and for that matter even the global economy. Stock markets are highly complex and volatile in nature, the hardest to predict due to its intrinsic weaving and dependencies on many factors such as the equity capital, interest rates, merges, demand & supply etc.There is always some risk involved in investing in the stock market due to its highly unpredictable behavior. And so, an intelligent prediction model for stock market forecasting would be highly desirable and would be of much use. Forecasting stock prices has been a very big challenge and many an attempt to accomplish the same using the traditional artificial intelligence methods has not been of much help so far, as they try to emulate the human intelligence, which in this case comes with its own known constraints. Henceforth we are presenting a method on predicting the stock market prices in a highly efficient manner based on AI techniques including artificial neural networks (ANN), fuzzy logic, and hybridization of both ANN and fuzzy inference system.
Janus Particles are non-homogeneous particles composing of different chemical makeup or functionality on a single particle. Its unique ability to display diverse properties has attracted many fields of science and engineering to explore its full potential. Despite the many methods reported in literature, synthesizing Janus particle especially in large amount has been a major challenge thus hindering further development in technological applications and scientific studies. This study employs the Pickering emulsion route of producing Janus particles by using Palm Oil Wax and chloroform as solvent for the wax instead of the conventional method of using paraffin wax and a heating step to melt the wax. The ratio of chloroform to water used in the emulsion system is observed to have an influence on the adsorption of the silica nanoparticles onto the palm oil wax and the size of the agglomeration. In addition, the ratio of chloroform to water has to be optimized to ensure easy removal of the chloroform and sufficiently dissolved palm oil wax.
The performance of conventional controllers have been enhanced by an hybrid Intelligent control based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller, which has been designed and implemented for the control of DC series motor, through a DC Chopper (DC-DC buck converter) and presented in this paper. This structure has been designed with current control and speed control loops. The current controller blocks the PWM signal when the current exceeds its limit and the speed control is done with PID-ANN and Fuzzy-Neuro Controller (FNC). This was used for controlling the motor voltage by controlling the duty cycle of the DC chopper and hence the chopper controls the speed of the DC series motor. Two different ANN controllers were designed. The training samples for the ANN controllers were acquired from the conventional PID controller and Fuzzy Logic (FL) controller. The controller performances were analyzed in respect of various load torque and various speed. The parameters selected for the comparison are the rise time, settling time, maximum overshoot, undershoot, speed drop, recovery time and steady state error of the response. The system was initially simulated using MATLAB simulation and later it was implemented with a NXP 80C51 family Microcontroller (P89V51RD2BN) based Embedded System. It was found that the ANN controller with DC Chopper can have better control compared with all other controller. This benefit happens from the reality that the ANN has the property of generalization and simplification. The result is verified in simulation and experiment.
The handicapped individuals participating to the sports activities find opportunity to express their feelings through play and movements, and ensuring the outflow of the feelings like aggressiveness, shyness, jealousy in the meantime, contribute to their physical, as well as their social and psychological development. The personality, denominated as the dynamic cover of the opinions regarding the characteristics, capabilities and the value judgments and the ideals of the individual, is briefly the individual ‘s awareness of his/her identity. Based on this definition, this study was aimed at investigating the levels of self-esteem of the visually handicapped persons who play sports in different disciplines. \n150 visually handicapped men were volunteer to participate in the study, who played in Goalball, B1, B2-B3 Futsal, Athletics and Judo competitions set out in the activity programme of 2011-2012 season of the Turkish Visually Handicapped Association. \nA “Personal Information Form” was created to obtain information about the visually handicapped persons, who participated to the research. And a “Self-Esteem Inventory” consisted of 25 questions, developed by S. Coopersmith, was used for determining their self-esteem levels. These forms have been filled out by each visually handicapped sportsman, by converting the forms into the Braille alphabet and by asking them questions in person. The data obtained have been evaluated by SSPS statistics package programme and their significance level was taken as (P<0.05). \nAs the result of the study, no any significant difference was found between the sports disciplines and the levels of self-esteem of the visually handicapped individuals participating in the research. A significant difference was identified between the points of the visually impaired individuals with respect to whether there are other individuals with disabilities in their families, how do they describe themselves, the attitudes of their families towards them and their self-esteem levels. \nKey Words: sight-disabled, sport, self-esteem, branches of sport
Turnaround management strategies (TMS) has received a considerable attention\namong most of specialist who deal with public services as it is useful in overcoming\ncrisis in organizations. There are limited empirical researches on turnaround\nmanagement strategies especially when considering the insurance industries. This\nresearch presents results from an empirical survey that tests the effect of TMS on\nOrganizational Citizenship Behavior in insurance industry which all experienced\nsanctions affecting their business. 34 senior managers of Iranian preeminent\ninsurance companies participated in the study. The findings show that insurance\nmanagers that implemented repositioning and reorganization to a high extent\nexperienced high levels of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. While organizational\nCitizenship Behavior was indifferent to retrenchment strategies and doesn’t have any\nrelation with OCB.
Abstract\nMonetary policies of the countries in Eurozone, which intend to unite economic force, are dependent on the political preferences of European Central Bank (ECB), though, incapability to conduct financial policy by a centralized institution led to incompatibility between economic policies and exposed the member countries of EU to debt crisis. EU countries, the most notable of which is Greece, have made attempts on financial structuring in an effort to overcome debt crisis by forming a set of financial stability mechanisms. Seemingly, it can be understood that the national efforts, which aim to reach such targets as conveying EU funds to growth and employment within the predetermined limits, competitiveness, incenting employment, strengthening financial stability and contributing to the sustainability of public finance, must be supported by the steps to be taken at the EU level. This study aims to assess the causes of the debt crisis into which EU countries have gone and the financial stability precautions that have been taken against. In forming the financial stability mechanism, whether the precautions will contribute to the stability depends on establishing a framework which is smooth, comprehensible and compatible with the objective and this framework must be dependable to support structural reforms and flexible enough to adapt to other policies. \n\nKey Words: Fiscal Discipline, Debt Crisis, Eurozone, Monetary Union
Today, the main effort of education colleagues is to increase the learning ability of students.\nMost studies consider the effective factors for learning than make the procedure of learning\nbetter for students. The objective of present study is to consider the influence of thinking styles\nof mathematics teachers on students learning. For this purpose, 95 teachers were selected who\n54 and 41 were male and female respectively, and each one has filled the Sternberg and\nWagner\'s inventory of thinking styles. Also, the scores of mathematics course for their students\nwere collected during January month of 2012. In order to considering the influence of thinking\nstyles on learning, only the mathematics scores connected to 47 teachers were used, which had\ntaught in third level of middle school degree. After statistical analysis of data, we have\nconcluded that difference thinking styles of teachers have different influence on students\nlearning. Also, the difference of teachers with synthetic thinking style in comparison with the\nteachers by single thinking style was meaningful. The most thinking style was among the\nteachers of hierarchy, exterior and juridical thinking style and the least of them was interior\nthinking style.\nKeywords: thinking style, synthetic thinking style, learning.
This paper inquires into the responses of the Thai and Malaysian governments to the concept of ‘new virtual freedom’. It examines the active involvement of the Thai authorities in regulating online content through the legal prowess of the Computer-related Crimes Act of 2007. A comparison is made against the approach adopted in Malaysia, where free flow of information is promised under the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) Bill of Guarantees. Nonetheless, filtering of online content is carried out through other legal means. This result in a virtual sphere which is possibly as limited as Thailand’s, despite the apparent difference in the official government policies on online content regulation. Although the Internet was regulated by both countries, it continues to be the popular medium for the people to engage and express themselves against and for the ruling government. In the long run, this will definitely strengthen democracy in Thailand and Malaysia.
Categorization and cross-classification are fundamental conceptual skills and help children to form a basis for structuring and organizing their world. Past studies assert that age and education effect children’s categorization skills. This research was conducted in order to examine whether socioeconomic status effects children’s categorization and cross-classification skills or not. The sample of the study consisted of 150 six-year-old children coming from low and middle income families. Children were presented categorization and cross-classification triads that contain food items. Each triad consists of a target, a choice categorically related to the target and a choice categorically unrelated to that target. Children’s task in each triad was to find the item in the same category as the target. In addition, after each categorization triad, children were asked to elaborate on their choices. At the end of the research, it was revealed that children from middle income families performed better in categorization and cross-classification tasks. Besides, It was determined that while making categorization, middle income children mostly based on categorical relations whereas low income children based on non-categorical relations.
Anger is a negative feeling that rises when the plans, demands and needs of an individual are restrained, when an individual senses injustice, inequity or a threat to his or her personality and when an individual’s expectations do not become reality. Starting from this description, in our research, it is aimed to analyze the trait anger and anger expression styles of the sight-disabled doing sports in different branches.\n150 male sight-disabled sportsmen who took part in Goalball, B1, B2-B3 Futsal, Athletics and Judo competitions that are included in 2011-2012 season activity program of Turkish Blind Sport Federation have voluntarily participated in the research.\n“Personal Information Form” has been created to obtain information belonging to the sight-disabled who participated in the research. For determining the trait anger and anger expression styles of the individuals, on the other hand, “Trait Anger – Anger Expression Styles Scale”, which was developed by Spielberger in 1983 and validity and reliability of which was proved by Özer (1994) for our country, has been used. These forms were filled one by one by being converted to Braille alphabet and with the help of asking questions face to face to each sight-disabled sportsman. The obtained data were assessed by means of SPSS statistics package program and their level of significance is taken as (p<0.05).\nAs a result of the research, no significant difference was found between the branches of sports and trait anger – anger expression styles of sight-disabled individuals who participated in the research. A significant difference was detected between the sight-disabled individuals’ sport year, how they identify themselves, the attitude of their families towards them and trait anger – anger expression styles scores.\nKey Words: Sight-Disabled, Sport, anger, trait anger, anger expression styles
Advances in Wireless Sensor Network Technology (WSN) has provided the availability of small and low-cost sensor with capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing and wireless communication. One of the most challenging issues so far is the extension of network lifetime with regards to small battery capacity and self-sustained operation. Endeavors to save energy have been made on various frontiers, ranging from hardware improvements over medium access and routing protocols to network clustering and role changing strategies. In addition some authors studied failures in communication regarded as error detection. Yet, only weak attention has been paid to the detection of malicious nodes and its potential for lifetime extension. In this paper, we proposed an Efficient and Secure Routing Protocol through two level intrusion detection mechanism (ESRP–TLIDM) that detects the intruders at the first level and trap in the second level. Extensive investigation studies using Glomosim 2.03 simulator show that the proposed scheme helps to achieve balanced energy consumption and increases the throughput.
Computer based automated monitoring and detection of human movements is an interesting and important research problem in the video based applications. The segmentation of human body plays a vital role in the analysis of human activities from the indoor video sequences. The threshold value which uses to separate the human body from the background of video frame. The problem here is that the threshold value is varied according to the lighting conditions, camera noise, camera misfocus, reflections and environmental conditions which affect the human body segmentation. The aim of this paper is to develop an approach for segmenting the human body using background subtraction techniques. This proposed algorithm uses Automatic Threshold Update (ATU) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) approaches for extracting the human body. It is implemented and tested on uniform light and bright light videos.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consists of sensor nodes which connect to each other in a wireless network. Here Energy is the major factor because each sensor node works with its non-rechargeable battery. If data collection is not performed efficiently, the sensors will have a lot of traffic and energy consumption. Consequently, the life time of the sensors will be short. In this paper, we develop a Security based Data Gathering Approach (SDGA) based on multi linear approach which attains low length of mobile sink route and minimum the energy consumption in WSNs. In the first phase of the approach, we propose authentication scheme based on a modified encryption and co - commitment scheme which attains the confidentiality and authenticity of sensor nodes during data gathering. In second phase of this approach, we use the concept of clock based data verification in order to verify the integrity of the data. In third we use the concept of modified energy and delay approach for data gathering. By using the simulation results, we have shown that our proposed scheme SDGA achieves more network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, data availability ratio, better data retrieving efficiency and less overhead, end to end delay and probability of data loss than the existing schemes like EDGA, PEGASIS, LEACH and EBRP.
Failure of bridges due to scour at tsunami time is a complex phenomenon in which wave may remove bed material around bridge pier that makes pier weak enough to withstand against fluid drag load and collapse occurs. Tsunami scour leads the researchers to explore the reasons and impacts of scouring on bridge foundations o that adequate protection could be adopted to minimize damage scale. Though tsunami attack has devastating effects on both bridge sub and superstructure, this paper summarizes only tsunami impact on bridge pier scour through post tsunami survey. Both physical and numerical modelings are needed to investigate the behavior of bridge structures subjected to tsunamis. Results of most of the experiments might reveal that proper preservation and protection are the ultimate objectives of each and every experiment. Choice of appropriate and most effective scour countermeasure would be main focusing part of the scour mechanism experiments. In this paper it is suggested that modular gabion filled with crushed concrete and fly ash could be introduced as a countermeasure to control scour hole. Several experiments would be conducted to test the viability of using modular gabion as scour protection measure.
In the evaluation of the Decision Making Units (DMUs) by means of ordinary models in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the projected point can be regarded as a target point. However, in a real-life situation, there often exist restrictions that make it impossible to use this projected point as target units and each practical problem needs an appropriate model for finding efficient units depending on the special conditions of the problem. One of the practical conditions that might occur is that the decision makers determine an inefficient point as a desired point. This paper attempts to examine these problems and proposes three models for solving them. The usage of proposed models is presented by two practical examples.
This paper presents the study of gender identification for safety systems based on the entropy of speaker utterances. The suggested system consist of a combination of signal pre-process, feature extraction using wavelet packet transform (WPT) and gender identification using simulated neural network. In the signal pre-process, the amplitude of utterances was normalized for preventing an error estimation caused by speakers’ modify in volume. Features fed to feed forward backpropagation neural networks (FFBPNN) for classification. The functions of features extraction and classification are performed using the wavelet packet and entropy and neural networks (WPENN) expert system. The confirmed results showed that the proposed method can make a powerful analysis with average identification rates reached 86.60. Two published methods were investigated for comparison. The best recognition rate selection obtained was for WPENN. The projected method can offer an important computational advantage by reducing the dimensionality of the WP coefficients by means of entropy. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was studied to develop the system robustness against the noise of -1dB. DWT approximation Sub-signal through several levels instead of original imposter had good performance on AWGN facing, mainly upon level 4.
Abstract — Quality of service is a major concern in today’s service oriented architecture environment so that the same can meet a vast kind of requirement to the clients through web services based on requirement engineering. In order to meet higher level needs with high standard from the client’s requirements, different services have been processed now days depending on architecture evolvement through WSDL, SOAP and XML technologies. Even though it meets high level targets by implementing much more algorithm from previous suggested papers it is always a challenging task to reduce time consumption and appropriate response time from clients to the real world needs by providing high throughput as a result. So we have newly designed one different pattern oriented frame work for requirement engineering with web based services having priority based element searching tools using priority based web service algorithm for user’s sake.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation of leverage, debt maturity and investment for testing underinvestment and over investment hypotheses in Iranian market during 2002 – 2010, for 130 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). We found a significant negative relation between leverage and investment level as well as debt maturity and investment. There was stronger negative relation between leverage and investment compared to the relation between debt maturity and investment. This implies that in Iranian market over investment hypothesis is dominant that can be mitigated by decreasing leverage. This study contributes to understanding the factors that influence investment level of Iranian firms. In addition, this study contributes to rare studies on relation between leverage, debt maturity and investment in emerging markets simultaneously.
This work intends to analyze management decisions concerning the replacement of industrial equipments affected by wear, in a quarry. This industrial activity accelerates the wear effect of equipment and industrial tools. \nIn this work the annual equivalent cost methodology is used to support the decision of replacement or retention of a piece of equipment in a quarry.\nTwo options were considered: replacing the current equipment for a new one or maintaining the existing equipment. The objective is to obtain the useful economical life period for the equipment. The decision to make is either to do the substitution immediately or to carry out the replacement in a finite planned time. The final solution will allow optimizing the useful life of wear equipment.
This study focuses on the use of computer in learning Malay literature. The objectives of the study were to identify and discuss the basic knowledge and views towards the Malay literature program by using the computer. The samples of the study consisted of 10 subjects who volunteered from Malay language class. They were nine-year-old male and female students. The study was carried out in one primary school in Malaysia. The subjects were given a task in the Malay language program, which consisted of various Malay literature genres, such as short story, poem, quatrain and drama. The study was carried out for one week and the subjects were interviewed and observed throughout. Their views were selected based on the purpose of the study. The results of the study revealed that the subjects were able to answer the questions from the given task. They managed to offer their views about the program and managed to learn new vocabulary. It is hoped that a future study will focus on other technology in learning Malay literature.
This study focused on confusion and language barriers during interactions. The objectives of the study were to identify and discuss confusion and language barriers among Korean learners learning the Malay language. The samples consisted of 10 subjects from a Malay language class at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Korea. The subjects were divided into groups. They were asked to discuss the sentences that they used in the Malay language classroom. The discussion was observed and taped over a period of two weeks. The utterances that were related to the study were analyzed by using the discourse analysis method. It is hoped that a future study will focus on the differences between the Malay language and other languages.
Thirty-six alkaline protease producing fungi (24 mesophiles, 8 thermotolerent and 4 thermophiles) belonging to twenty genera were isolated from five soil samples (Abqaiq, Al-Ahsa, Dammam, Dhahran, and Khobar) from the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia on casein alkaline Waksman agar. The most frequent genera isolated were Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Fusarium, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Stachybotrys and Ulocladium. Throughout this study, two genera: Ascotricha congoensis and Pochonia suclasporia var. catenta were found to be new records in Saudi Arabian soils. Some mechanical, metrological and chemical analyses of soil samples from the five surveyed areas were studied. The most potent producers of alkaline protease were represented by the mesophiles: Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. terrus, Cochliobolus hawaiiensis, C. lunatus, and thermophiles: Humicola insolens, Thermoascus aurantiacus & Thermomyces lanuginosus. Concerning the thermostability of alkaline proteases produced from Cochliobolus hawaiiensis, it retained 100% of its activity (7.42 U/ml) after incubation at 50 °C for ½ h. Although the thermophile Thermomyces lanuginosus produced the lesser yield of enzyme (5.62 U/ml), its activity was enhanced by 14 and 17% after exposure to 50 and 60 °C, respectively suggesting its highly thermostability. It is of interest to note that alkaline proteases have not been previously recorded from Cochliobolus hawaiiensis and Thermomyces lanuginosus that could survive under the extreme environmental conditions.
Mahneshan Town, which is geographically located in the Southwest of Iran’s cultural domain, is ignored in case of archeological studies. Therefore, doing archeological investigations to get familiar with Mahneshan’s cultural developments and also the way it has been connected to other cultural areas seemed necessary. As a result, the plan of identification of Mahneshan’s archeological relics were edited and executed in two seasons. During the time, in the investigation range, 180 archeological areas were identified, of which 49 archeological areas belonged to Sassanid era. Recognizing of Sassanid archeological areas and relics of the region, general understanding of the settlements patterns in Sassanid era and describing the cultural prominent materials (mainly Sassanid Clays) are the important results of this research which shows the increase in the population and the number of settlements compared to previous eras. Also it was realized that most of the big and small villages’ settlements, are seasonal and defensive foundations, and big urban centers were identified in only one area. Furthermore, it seems that the material culture of Mahneshan in Sassanid era, in addition to having local characteristics, is finally located in Iran’s western cultural area with influences of Azerbaijan’s ceramic-making culture, Northeast and North of Mesopotamia.
Chapels were built in any historical era of Iran and only the form and construction were changed in each era based on the beliefs of the people. In Iranian architecture, some principles and rules were observed that are used by the architects in construction of any kind of building. Such principles were also observed in construction of mosques, which served as the chapels of Islamic era in Iran. Mosques followed an evolutionary trend in Iran. Initial mosques were very simple buildings, some being cross vaults imitating Mosque of the Prophet in Medina. During the next eras, Iranians set to use their architectural knowledge and also background and created some masterpieces. In construction of each kind of building, whether governmental, residential or religious, Iranian architects defined some concepts, based on which elements and components constituting a building were formed. This also applies to mosques, each element of which represents a special concept of internal or external world. In this study, architectural characteristics in mosques are investigated and then concept of the characteristics constituting the works is dealt with by case study of Ardestan Cathedral Mosque.
This is a fundamental and applied research aimed at understanding the relationship between power structure in the family and mental health of female teachers in primary and secondary schools in Shiraz. The research sample consisted of 200 female teachers (100 in primary schools and 100 in high schools) that were selected by random clustering sampling method. The instruments used in this study include:\n1. Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), which includes 28 questions\n2. Family Power Structure Questionnaire that includes 63 questions.\n\nIn this study, in addition to the assumption of a relationship between power structure in the \nfamily and mental health of female teachers, it has also assumed that there are differences between the power structure in the family and the followings:\n1. Women\'s education\n2. Men\'s education\n3. Household size \n4. Marriage duration\n5. Couple\'s age gap\n6. Family Life cycle \n7. Property ownership (home)\n8. Women\'s income\n9. Men\'s income\n\nThe obtained data and information has been analyzed using methods such as descriptive statistics method, Pearson correlation coefficient, unilateral variance analysis and Scheffe\'s post hoc test. The results showed that there is a relationship between the power structure in the family and women\'s mental health. Also, the hypotheses related to differences \nbetween the power structure in the family and the couple\'s age gap, household size, men\'s income and women\'s education were confirmed. The other hypotheses of the study were not confirmed due to the lack of significant differences.
