Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID) is used to track the moving objects. Their movement can be represented as sequences of time-stamped locations. The customer movement in the large supermarkets can be tracked using emerging RFID technology. The customer’s movement in the super market can be represented as a sequences of time-stamped locations. Path data can be obtained from customers movements recorded in a spatial configuration contain meaningful information. This can be used to change the marketing strategy In this paper, we propose an efficient technique for tracking the customers’ walking path sequences from RFID data streams. The frequent walking path sequences of the customers’ movement have extracted by exposing the most visited areas and walks across the warehouse and the typical products selected along the way.
This study was carried out so as to investigate preschool children’s social supports in terms of their ages, gender and their school types. Totally 414 children (between 48-72 months) attending preschools in different cities in Turkey were the subjects of the current study. 237 teachers and 177 parents filled the scale on behalf of the children. Social Support Scale for Preschool Children (SSSPC) was used as data collection tool for the study. Independent samples t-test and one-way variance analysis were done for the analyses of this study. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that girls had higher social support scores than boys; 48-60 month-olds had higher scores than 60-72 month-olds (p<0.05). However, it was found out that children who go to private preschool institutions had lower social support scores than the ones who go to state schools and this difference was found to be significant (p<0.05).
In recent years, Cloud computing has got hold of a significant place in providing services including infrastructure, platform and software. As a realization of service oriented architecture cloud provides various computing and storage services as well over the internet for various application domains. Cloud environment needs larger storage space for data and higher bandwidth for transmission of huge data. Hence Data Compression Algorithms is the wise choice for efficient utilization of storage space and bandwidth in cloud environment. Data compression process reduces the file size without affecting the quality of data. The quality of data differs based on application domain and the corresponding data representation chosen. Data to be stored in cloud environment has different characteristics and purpose; hence a common compression algorithm can’t be used for all kinds of data. In this work a cloud storage architecture integrated with compression layer is presented with file upload and down load process. Evaluation metrics for various compression algorithms and in particular for cloud environment were also presented in this work. Based on the evaluation metrics analysis is performed on various compression algorithms and standards available for text, image, and video with respect to cloud environment. The analysis shows that efficiency of compression techniques depends upon the representation of the data for varied application domains. The hybrid of adaptive dictionary technique with other efficient compression model proves to be efficient than static algorithms
Abstract: The main task of the proposed system includes moving edge detection and tracking to perform\nefficient video compression. Moving edge detection is based on the background model which is\nautomatically generated by a modified kohonen based self organizing mapping method. The mapping\nprocess is performed without prior knowledge of the involved patterns. The idea consists in adopting\nbiologically inspired methods for moving object and edge detection. A low complexity video\ncompression technique based on moving edges using modified kohonen mapping approach is proposed.\nStatic edges provide a hint for the boundary of object and moving edges furnish information of on which\narea has motion. Using the knowledge of moving regions, it allows performing low complexity motion\nestimation. Block based moving edge classification is further adaptable for video compression than a\nframe based approach as a frame based approach needs to find the block position and edge types requires\nadditional computational complexity. The simulation result verifies the performance of the proposed low\ncomplex video compression framework and is realized with simulink blockset. Qualitative results are\nobtained with the proposed method to detect true moving edges. The proposed approach is compared with\nother modeling techniques and reveals experimental result, both in terms of detection accuracy and\nprocessing speed. A moving edge detection using modified kohonen mapping approach is proposed for\nvideo compression technique to improve coding efficiency. The increased in PSNR obtained in simulation\nresult shows that the proposed technique achieves significant improvement in performance. The\nperformance improvement with PSNR value is due to the identification of true moving edge detection by\nneuronal mapping with proper integer transformation.\nKey words: Moving edge, SOM, neuronal mapping, kohonen mapping network
In this study we are interested in measuring the thermal and geometrical parameters of contact and their estimation by the model of Yovanovich [1]. The thermal contact resistance and the structure of the studied interface change consecutively to variations in pressure contact. This change primarily affects three key parameters that govern the thermal contact resistance: the density of contact spots N, the real rate of contact S* and the separation distance d between the mean planes of contact. We chose a contact between a plane of sapphire, very hard and smooth, and electro-eroded surface of brass. We use a measurement technique in which one can, on the one hand, observe by optical profiler, imaging and mechanical characterization the structural change of the interface. On the other hand, is measured in steady state and transient, the RTC prevailing at the interface.
The challenge comes from the fact that soft tissues are highly non-homogeneous in which the material property is not uniform. When a haptic interface point meets the area where the stiffness is extremely high or the area where the stiffness changes drastically, we often get unexpected feedback during simulation. A sudden change of stiffness in target tissues can cause unstable interaction with the tissues. This paper proposes a stable haptic rendering framework to solve this problem. To achieve stable haptic rendering, we connect an adjustable damping element and apply the passivity controller method. Another crucial issue in haptic interaction with non-homogeneous soft tissues is to generate stable and realistic haptic sensation as a user touches or manipulates real soft tissues. To achieve realistic sensation, a material property setting method is incorporated into the stable haptic rendering framework with elastography dataset. Experiments with 2D and 3D objects are conducted to investigate the haptic behavior of the proposed method. Two types of input signals (impulse and continuous position inputs) are provided to a system during the experiments. Furthermore, another experiment is conducted with 16 subjects to show that humans can sense stable feedback force. The results of our haptic simulation demonstrate that our method creates stable feedback force without vibration or jerky motion even at the boundary of sudden changes in material stiffness.
Crime is an issue of increasing interest both for society and researchers. The global growth of criminality has had repercussions in the prison system. The most direct one was the overcrowding of prisons which require a great amount of investment to expand their capacity. Simultaneously, the value for money associated with the prisons’ budget has become more relevant. These circumstances emphasize the importance of assessing the prisons’ performance. This study measures the efficiency of Portuguese prison facilities using robust non-parametric benchmarking approaches. Furthermore, a recent procedure is computed to evaluate their congestion. The results show significant levels of inefficiency, which represent an excess of several millions of Euros spent inadequately in this sector.
In power system operation, minimizing the power loss in transmission lines and/or minimizing the voltage deviation at the load buses by controlling the reactive power is referred to as optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD). ORPD is necessary for secured operation of power systems with regard to voltage stability. In this paper, the nature inspired Big Bang – Big Crunch (BB-BC) algorithm is introduced to solve multi constrained optimal reactive power flow problem in power systems. Generator bus voltages, transformer tap positions and switchable shunt capacitor banks are used as variables to control the reactive power flow. BB-BC algorithm was tested on standard IEEE 30 bus system and the results are compared with other methods to prove the effectiveness of the new algorithm. The results are quite encouraging and the algorithm is found to be simple and easy to implement.
Nowadays the pollution is one of the main challenges in the management of the countries .An example of pollution is air pollution that according to its nature has more prevalence and in most regions of the world more or less is obvious. Undoubtedly the production and emissions is function of countries’ process of economic development and growth. This paper in the economic literature in other words environmental economics is known as Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) that on it the process of environmental destruction be explained according to the nature and different stages of economic growth. In the present study is trying with using of panel data methods the effect of per capita income on pollution in the form of EKC be tested for Iran\'s 30 provinces with different incomes. Results are confirmed the establishment of EKC in the Iran’s studied provinces for the cube of per capita income.
Russia did not have any success, despite all the pressure he applied on Georgia. They supported secessionist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia that has given speed for their separation from Georgia. After the collapse of Soviet Union, Russia supported South Ossetia in the direction of economic and political benefits. The regions’ social programs, modification and reestablishment of the new administrative and institutional structures were supported by Russia. At the same time, the rights of traveling and free working in Russia were given by the Kremlin. Also, South Ossetians have been granted to Russian citizenship. Finally, Moscow recognized the independence of the region.This shows that Russia played very important role in the independence of South Ossetia by separating it from Georgia.
Abstract\n\nSegmentation is the process of dividing a digital image into multiple distinct segments or sets of pixels, also known as super pixels. The main objective of segmentation is to make simpler and/or change the representation of an image into something that is more significant and easier to investigate. To understand an image and extract area of interest, we need to partition it. Segmentation is used to separate the suspicious regions from the background. In this paper, algorithm is used to compute texture based on statistical measures is proposed. The segmentation based on texture feature would classify the breast tissue under various categories. The algorithm evaluates the region properties of the mammogram image and thereby would classify the image into various important segments/partitions. The segmentation thus obtained is comparatively better than the other normal methods .The validation of the work has been done by visual inspection of the segmented image by an expert radiologist. This is our basic step for developing a computer aided detection (CAD) system for early detection of breast cancer. Mammographic Institute Society Analysis dataset is used for experimentation.\n\nKey words: Segmentation, Mammograms, CAD, Textural analysis, Algorithm, Breast Cancer
