Let T be a k-quasi -*-class A operators on a complex Hilbert space H if \nwhere k is a natural number. In this paper, we prove that the continuity of the set theoretic functions spectrum, weyl Spectrum, Browder spectrum, and essential surjectivity spectrum on the classes consisting of (p,k)-quasihyponormal operators and k - quasi - * - class A operators.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is the use of electric current produced by a device to stimulate the nerves for therapeutic purposes. TENS by definition covers the complete range of transcutaneously applied currents used for nerve excitation although the term is often used with a more restrictive intent. Volunteered were subdivided into three groups according to the blood uric acid level as well as symptomatic classification, control group : those had normal blood uric acid level. First group : those had blood uric acid higher than 7 mg/dl and symptomatically suffered from chronic gout attack in their big toe and treated with colchicine. Second group : those had blood uric acid higher than 7 mg/dl and symptomatically suffered from chronic gout attack in their big toe and treated with colchicine in addition of TENS sessions two times per day for 30 minutes. Blood uric acid level, conventional x-ray foot, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) were carried out to all patients and control. Patients were treated with colchicine lonely and in combination with TENS sessions. Results showed a significant enhancement in patient’s pain, stiffness and physical function of the big toe after a treatment combination of colchicine and TENS. Conclusion : TENS sessions may be used as a complementary tool in controlling gout patient’s pain control during acute attack.

Document clustering is mainly used in the field of information retrieval. It play vital role in text clustering and web mining. In earlier days generative model based algorithms were used for text clustering. The main objective of document clustering is to group data elements such that the intra – group similarities are high and inter-group similarities are low. In this work, we address a new hybrid algorithm called MFMLK-Means for clustering TMG format document data. This algorithm is an improved version of our previous algorithm MLK-means clustering algorithm. The results of the proposed algorithm were compared with e probabilistic von Mises-Fisher model-based clustering (vMF-based k-means) and the previous MLK-means clustering algorithm. The improvements in the proposed algorithm are more significant.

Abstract\nThe production and enhancement of hydrogen on large scale is a goal towards the revolution of green and cheap energy. There are many methods up till now which are adopted to produce more hydrogen fuel. Currently hydrogen is extracted from different sources, such as coal, oil, natural gas and water etc. In case of water, the hydrogen is produced by different methods such as electrolysis, Photo splitting, Photo ionization, Photo catalysis and Product analysis methods. This review paper discusses the comparison of these methods of production and enhancement of hydrogen from water. \nKey Words: Hydrogen; Electrolysis of water; Photo catalysis; Photo ionization

Increasing attention has been paid for restructuring of power system networks to ensure reliable, quality and cheap supply of power. For a particular load demand, cheapest power generation bidder is identified to supply the demand. This paper proposes the improved merge sort algorithm (IMSA) based bidding strategy to match the cheapest available power generation with the given demand. This algorithm performs better in sorting all the generation bidders in the ascending order of cost of power generation, a bidding chart and a bidding curve is developed to identify the cheaper power Generation Company. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is implemented in Tamilnadu Electricity Board (TNEB) 62 bus system, a practical system in Indian for market restructuring. The results obtained are quite encouraging and will be useful in electrical engineering.

This study was carried out to investigate molecular changes in response to Musk treatment on pathogenic microorganisms and its bactericidal and inhibition effect as a natural source treatment. The growth of some probiotic bacteria strains grown with added natural Musk and the safety assessments of musk on human cells were also explored. Scanning and transmission using electron microscope analysis revealed that the treatment of these strains by musk led to lyses of the cell walls and change its morphological structure. Results also showed the complete disappearance of microbial cells after Musk addition. As a conclusion, Adding Musk extract significantly increased the growth rate of the beneficial probiotic bacteria; also it is safe in use without any harmful effect on all types of human cells studied

A Novel fixed 3x3 Decision based scheme is proposed for the restoration of images and videos that are heavily corrupted by salt and pepper noise is proposed. The processed pixel is examined for 0 or 255; if found true, then it is considered as noisy pixel else not noisy. If found noisy the 4 Neighbors of the noisy pixels is checked for 0 or 255. If all of the 4 neighbors of the corrupted pixel are noisy, the mean of the 4 neighbors replaces the corrupted pixel. If any of the 4 neighbors is non noisy pixel, calculate the number of corrupted pixels inside the current processing window. If the count is less than three then the noisy pixel is replaced by unsymmetrical trimmed median. If the current window has more than three noisy pixels then unsymmetrical trimmed midpoint replaces the corrupted pixel. The uncorrupted pixel is left unchanged. The proposed algorithm was applied on various grayscale, color images and videos that gave excellent PSNR, high IEF, low MSE, and very good SSIM and consumes average time with excellent edge preservation even at high noise densities. If the all the pixels of the current processing window are noisy then instead of unsymmetrical midpoint, global mean of the image is replaced as output. The proposed algorithm shows excellent noise suppression capability in highly noisy environment both qualitative and quantitatively when compared to standard and existing filters.

The present study outlines the development of a scale for information search measurement and begins with a brief discussion of the origins of the information search construct with two aspects: external and internal search. In order to scale development after literature review, the related items created. In this respect, employing literature on construct of customer value and seeking opinions of marketing experts in a focus group. After test of validity and reliability in the next step, in order to conduct main study, students in master and Ph.D. program of studies in Tehran area who have at least on experience of buying the intended product (laptops) were used. In total 293 questionnaires were completed and gathered. In the other step exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used. Final measure was designed consisting of 9 items; 5 items for external search and 4 ones for internal search. The present research showed thatinformation search by consumer can be conducted in two forms. In first one consumer pays attention to references and reports and\\or existing advertisements associated with intended product and obtains required information and in second form consumer can refer to information in his\\her memory and trust it.

Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign prostatic tumor in men. Despite of various investigation, therapeutic application of sildenafil in the patients with BPH is still a controversy and needs to further research. In this study, we tried to compare the efficacy of sildenafil with tamsulosin in the treatment of BPH. \n\nMethod: All of the patients who were referred to Oroumieh Imam Khomeini hospital with BPH symptoms were enrolled in this study. In the first visit, all patients were evaluated for symptoms severity by AUA scoring and their peak urinary flow were measured by uroflowmetry . In addition , prostate size was determined by trans abdominal ultrasound and PSA was measured before treatment. Then, they randomly divided into two groups. One group received tamsulosin 0.4 mg and another group received sildenafil 50 mg nightly for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks , subjects were evaluated for severity of symptoms by AUA and QMAX measurement by uroflowmetry test.\n\nResults: Totally , 100 patients were evaluated in this study. sildenafil and tamsulosin respectively resulted averagely in 4.54 and 4.88 units reduction of AUA score that is statistically significant(p<0.0001). nevertheless , when we compare the effect of these two drugs on decreasing AUA score , we found that difference is not statistically significant(p=0.643).Average effect of sildenafil on peak urinary flow(QMAX) was 2.18 that is significant(p=0.030) and Average effect of tamsulosin on peak urinary flow(QMAX) was 2.00 that is significant too (p=0.007). nevertheless , this difference equal 0.18 between means of these two medications effect is not statistically significant(p=0.600). We found no statistically difference between mean of AUA score after treatment with tamsulosin or sildenafil based on prostate size and PSA .\n\nconclusion: Our study shows that sildenafil (50 mg daily) is as effective as tamsulosin (0.4 mg daily) in the treatment of BPH .\n\nKey words: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia( BPH) , AUA score, peak urinary flow( QMAX) , PSA, prostate size

Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune hair follicle\'s disease that causes hair loss in scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes and other hairy areas of the body. There is no approved therapy for this condition but several methods have been introduced. In this paper, we assessed oral prednisolone pulse therapy in comparison to the intravenous methyl prednisolone pulse therapy in treatment of severe Alopecia Areata.\nMaterials and methods:\nIn this clinical-based study, all patients with Alopecia Areata registered during 2006-2009 in dermatologic department of 5-Azar hospital, Gorgan, Northeast of Iran were included. Including criteria was as followings: at least 30% involvement of scalp or more than 10 patch of alopecia in scalp and body. Forty patients with severe Alopecia Areata were enrolled and divided into 2 groups. Group A was treated with 200 mg oral prednisolone in one dose, every week for 3 months and group B were treated with 500 mg intravenous methyl prednisolone in 3 continuous days each month for 6 months. Data were entered into SPSS-16 statistical software and analyzed using non parametric Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests. Repeated-measure was used to compare the trend of recovery in two groups. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.\nResults:\nRecovery rate after 1, 3, 6 and 12th months after treatment was significantly higher in group B compared to group A. Side effects were included: Acne (5 in A and 7 in B), heartburn (4 in A and 5 in B), stria (4 in A and 6 in B) and were more seen in group B but it was not significant statistically. The recovery rate was not significantly different between two sex.\nConclusions:\nIn this study, 500 mg intravenous methyl prednisolone in 3 continuous days each month for 6 months showed a better recovery rate in severe Alopecia Areata. Patients must be warned about the side effects and outcomes. \nKey word: oral prednisolone, methyl prednisolone , Alopecia Areata

Traditional theories of finance assume that investors use all available information and make rational investment decision but in reality the scenario is different. Based upon the growing importance of behavioral finance the present study is an attempt to investigate the effect of behavioral factors such as heuristics, risk aversion, use of financial tools and firm level corporate governance on the decision making of equity fund managers of Pakistan. The study collected response from 327 equity fund managers of insurance companies, commercial banks, and equity investment companies applying stratified random sampling technique. The results of the study demonstrate that a positive and significant relationship exist among heuristics, use of financial tools, risk aversion, firm-level corporate governance, and investment decision making. The results further demonstrate that firm-level corporate governance plays a pivotal role and is an important factor affecting investment decision making. Equity fund managers of institutions apply heuristics and financial tools while formulating their decisions. Equity fund managers of institutions are also found to be risk averse. Regulatory authorities and stock exchanges may use the results of the study. Regulatory authorities and exchanges may also use the results to create awareness by educating investors about the importance of behavioral factor and firm-level corporate governance. It may help to increase investors’ confidence.\nKeywords: investment decision making, equity fund managers, firm level corporate governance, heuristics, risk aversion.

This article is to study the geo tourism and ecotourism capabilities and limitations of Bonab and the develop the best strategy in improving and enhancing the performance of the tourism management in this region. For this purpose SWOT strategy planning method was used, which is on the basis of identifying weakness and strength points (internal factors) and opportunities and threats (external factors) and Likert spectrum was used to rank the internal and external factors and to do priority- study and then SO, SWO, ST, WT approaches have been introduced. The results obtained from the tables and the analysis of the strategy factors indicates that the region has a high capacity in attracting tourists.\n The final result from the evaluation of the internal factors( final total point 2.97) shows that the strength tourism points of the region are more than the weakness points and also the final deduction from the matrix of the evaluation of the external factors( final total point 2.90) is that the opportunities before the truism of the region is more than the threats around it and therefore the macro strategies for the truism of the region must be developed in a way that it makes the best use of the local opportunities possible.

Biochemical responses of Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase was studied by comparing plants that grew on a laboratory-scale constructed wetland fed with faecal sludge supernatant under waterlogged and drained conditions in Yaoundé, Cameroon. After analysing samples harvested at different times, reduction in plant water contents in both cases was observed. The chlorophylls a and b decreased significantly (P0.05) with increasing level of salinity and period of saline exposure. Under drained condition, the accumulation of amino acids was significantly affected by salt treatment (F = 180.66, P0.000) and treatment duration (F = 177.08, P0.000). The saline-waterlogged treatments (F = 50.37, P0.000) and their duration (F = 423.63, P0.000) affected the contents of amino acids under flooded condition. However, combining salinity and waterlogging seems to magnify the accumulations of organic solutes and the reductions in the plant water and chlorophyll contents. This study highlights that the total soluble sugars and accumulations of amino acids (proline) might be involved in salt and saline-waterlogging tolerance of E. pyramidalis. Thus, this macrophyte is promising to be used in the wetland treatment system of wastewater and faecal sludge since it tolerates high loading rate of organic matter, high level of salinity and waterlogging conditions.

Since the creation of every artwork are at first separable part of human life undoubtedly recognition\nartwork of elementary groups out of framework of their life can\'t understand because of artistic\nperformance creation of cycle of life and actually are part of vital activities. History of symbolism\nshow that everything can locate in symbolic meaning, such as natural objects (stones, plants animals,\nhumans, sun, moon, …) in the first history period, humans try to what is that are spirit or smooth cliff\ngive the detectable form in many cases this form is similar with human. Such as monhirs of ancient\nperiod that made abnormal facesor hermeses that ancient Greeces create with stones of determination\nof borders and or many of primary idols that has face of human giving face of human to stones are\nshowing projection of clear index in stones (in unconscious container). This primary tendency that\npoint to humane body and now want to remain faithful to natural shape of stone that are visible in\ntoday\'s statuary this indexes showing types of magics and today among African tribes that to make\nends meet with hunting yet are usage. The painted animal have had dual function. Hunter with\nsymbolic killing try to demaning ahead of natural killing of animal. Plenty of symbol of animals\namong religions of arts of all periods only not showing the importance of symbol, but show that what\nsizes It is important for human upto psychological contained or symbol e.g instinct to associate animal\nperse neither is good nor is bad, animal only is the part of natural and can nor enjoying the something\nthat are not existence in their nature. An instinct that often is secret for us but is available in our life,\ninstinct is the basic of humane nature. In this paper have been investigate smooth meaning of humane\ncommon in forms of cave dwelling are engage.

Using animals as a food resource, powerful god- hex, glamour and/or a saver and friend and a partner\nfor humans is obvious and proofed during the history in anywhere of the world. Through the rest\nartificial from hunting age, bronze, primeval and Islamic ages Presence and companionship of animals\nsuch as horse in Lorestan area can be understood. In recent centuries it might seen firmly and\nunchangeably the ways of inscription of this story in carpets and images on famous men gravestones in\nanywhere at Lorestan. This research Analyzes the formal designing analogies between horse images\nand attitudes and beliefs in inscription and representation of these vestiges on gravestones in this area regarding with the symbolic role of the horse during the Islamic age and the historical and legend past.

The natural need of prehistory has caused hunting became necessary by using horse, which was also a\nsign regarding the beliefs of different tribes and nations. In Lorestan, such place has grown so\nimportant that they have accompanied horse in the world after death. The primary inhabitants of\nLorestan in the Bronze careers have believed that horse was able to be useful in the same world and the\nworld after; it can transfer the dead people’s spirit to the other world. The Bronze means of under-head\nin Lorestan show the old traditions of digging horse and his rider. This study is to illustrate how much\nhorse has been important in the dead and life world in the Bronze Age of Lorestan.

This study advances research on guanxi network, a Chinese social trait, and outcomes it offers. It is focused on role of POS and psychological empowerment in determining OCB and turnover intentions. A total of 280 responses are used for data analysis. Data is analyzed using frequencies distribution, descriptive, correlation, structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis. Results of the study prove that POS and psychological empowerment are both significant determinant of employees’ turnover intentions. Organizational citizenship behavior was found to have partial mediating effects on employees’ turnover intentions. Suggestions and recommendations are given at the end.

An excel spreadsheet was implemented to predict horizontal and vertical forces \nrequirements of a chisel plow based on Soehne approach. The soil parameters (soil cohesion, soil \nadhesion, soil internal friction angle, soil-metal friction angle, soil density) were obtained from \nexperimental work in fifteen sites. For generating draft and vertical force data, the tool width was \nsuggested to be 6,6.5 and 7 cm, the tool rake angle was 40, 45,50,55,and 60 °, plowing depth was \n8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26 and 30 cm and the plowing speed was \n2,2.5,3,3.5,4,4.5,5,5.5,6,6.5,7,7.5 and 8 km/h. All combinations were addressed and the total data \nwere 32175 rows. The 32175 rows data was used to build regression equations for predicting draft \nand vertical force of a chisel plow. The field data of draft and vertical force for a chisel plow \nhaving 13 tools with total width of 2.10 m, 7.0 cm tool width with 55° rake angle, three plowing \nspeeds and one plowing depth were obtained in loamy sand soil. The measured draft and vertical \nforce values demonstrated some deviations from the predicted values. The absolute percentage \nerror between measured and predicted values, using regression draft equation, was ranged from 2 \nto 17%. It is concluded from the experimental study that the draft and vertical force of the chisel \nplow increased with increase in speed of operation. The same trend was observed for tillage \nenergy.

Effective wild oat control with pre-emergent herbicides is necessary in minimum tillage systems. Pre-seeding herbicides do not work as well in minimum tillage systems compared to systems using full cut cultivation where stubble biomass is lower. If stubble biomass is very high, pre-seeding herbicides are more effective if used with a high water spray volume (i.e. up to 100 L/ha) and a course spray droplet size. Stubble biomass can be reduced (i.e. stubble placed into windrows and burnt). Burning windrows will kill the weed seeds within the windrow; reducing the weed seed bank for the following year. Pre-seeding herbicides will be more effective where stubble biomass is reduced. For most fields, 50% ground cover is enough to prevent erosion. Both sites have more than enough stubble to avoid erosion over summer. The next year, knockdown herbicides were used to control initial wild oat emergence, and then both sites were sprayed with Triflur Xcel® 1.5 L/ha (with 100 L/ha of water) pre-seeding. Wild oat density was very high. As a result, placing chaff (and wild oat seeds) in windrows or spreading chaff did not affect average number of wild oat plants per metre.

Abstract:\nBackground and Objectives: Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of the different concentrations of Citrullus colocynthis fruit powder that its anti-diabetics effects had been reported, on some of blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides in diabetic male rats.\nMaterials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats similarly divided in 4 groups. Three groups received the amounts of 1%, 2% and 5% concentrations of the Citrullus colocynthis fruit powder at the basal diet daily for 28 days and diabetic control group had basic diet without any Citrullus colocynthis. Blood sample were collected from eyes at the beginning and the end of the experiment. Data analysis was performed using Paired t-test, and one-way ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons of Tukey test.\nResults: Consumption of different concentration of Citrullus colocynthis fruit powder significantly reduced the level of blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride (p<0.05)\n.\nConclusion: Citrullus colocynthis with concentrations used in this study suggested positive effect on the reduction of sugar and some lipids in diabetes disease. Compared with different concentrations, 5%, 1% and 2% concentrations of Citrullus colocynthis showed the most reduction in blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides, respectively.\nKey words: Diabetes mellitus, Citrullus Colocynthis, Rat

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of sport sponsorship among the selective teams of Iranian football premier league. All fans of three teams in football premier league were selected as a population size. By using a formula, 216 individuals for Esteghlal, 245 individuals for Traktor and 291 individuals for Persepolis were selected randomly. Smith’s questionnaire was used to collect the data and validity of it approved by 6 professional of sport management and the reliability by Choronbach alpha coefficient and obtained 0.73. Finally, 752 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Data were analyzed by t test, ANOVA and Scheffe. The results showed that sport sponsorship among the selective teams was effective. Furthermore, result of ANOVA showed that there is significant different between the effectiveness of sponsorship among the selective teams. It is recommended to the club managers to improve the enhancement factors of fan attendance, and they should inform the sponsors its effectiveness.

There are two approaches to the mitigation of power quality problems. The first approach is called load conditioning, which ensures that the equipment is less sensitive to power disturbances, allowing the operation even under significant voltage distortion. The other solution is to install line conditioning systems that suppress or counteracts the power system disturbances. A flexible and versatile solution to voltage quality problems is offered by active power filters (AF). Currently they are based on PWM converters and connect to low and medium voltage distribution system in shunt or in series. Shunt active power filters operate as a controllable current source. Earlier it was stated that Shunt AF cannot be used in multilevel or multistep modes to improve performance in higher ratings. From the simulation results presented in this paper it is proved that the Shunt AF filters can be used in multilevel mode to enhance the power quality. Shunt active filter is designed by using a pulse width modulated cascaded seven level inverter. Here the number of levels in cascaded multilevel inverter is increased to reduce THD. The simulation is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink and the simulation results are presented in this paper.

This study attempts to examine the start of cyber-entrepreneurial intention among undergraduates in institutions of higher learning in Malaysia. A total of 296 undergraduates are taken from one public university and one private university. The questionnaires are personally distributed to these respondents. There are four factors tested on the cyber-entrepreneurial intention with the use of appropriate measures using the 5-point Likert scaling. All the constructs and variables are systematically developed and hypotheses are constructed according to the theoretical framework. The results indicate that three variables significance correlated with cyber-entrepreneurial intention. This paper offers some insightful information especially to the undergraduates towards the intention to cyber-entrepreneurial.

The term Progressive Collapse is typically used to refer to the spread of an initial local failure within a structure. The Department of Defense (DoD) document, UFC 4-023-23, provides the design requirements necessary to reduce the potential progressive collapse. One of these techniques is the Alternate Path (AP) method which in this technique the structure must be cable of bridging over a missing column or bearing wall. In UFC 4-023-23 structural analysis must consider the removal of external column near the middle of each side and at the corner of the building. Transfer of loads from a notionally removed corner column to the adjacent structural elements can verify satisfactory flexural demand of structural elements supporting the corner panel. If the panel area directly above the removed element exceeds of the damage limits require, the panel and structural elements of this zone must be designed to resistant for new loading path and transferred to adjacent columns. This paper investigates the implementation of UFC 4-023-23 to protect against progressive failure of floor panels due sudden corner column loss. A case study of two steel buildings, 12 and 20 stories, were analyzed, designed, and investigated using the AP method