Modern power system networks are having several thousand of buses and hundreds of generators are being operated under highly stressed conditions and there is a risk of voltage instability problems owing to increased load demand. The only way to counteract this problem is by reducing the reactive power load in the system or by adding new reactive power generation systems in the weakest points of the system thereby increasing the voltage at those points. A power system needs to be with sufficient voltage stability margin for secured operation. In this paper, the combination of SVC with TCSC and SVC with SSSC devices are used separately and compare the results behind the voltage stability limit improvement and active power loss minimization scenario. The line based LQP voltage stability indicator is used for voltage stability assessment. Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is exploited for optimization of the voltage stability limit, active power loss and location and size of FACTS devices. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated by carrying out on the standard IEEE 30 bus system under stressed conditions.
In this works, system identification method is used to identified the optimum concentration of inorganic’s compound in engine oils by evaluating their effect on behaviours of the system from experimental data gathered. Experimental data were from density, cloud and pour point, heat capacity, viscosity-temperature relationships, kinematic viscosity and viscosity index and fractionation of metal additives analysis. Information on metal additives concentrations were taken as driven centred data in dynamic system analysis and heat capacity of mixture model was used. Experimental analysis was performed on Mobil Super 1000, Castrol GTX M-Tec, PETRONAS MACH-5, Valvoline Premium Conventional and Total Quartz 5000 SM. Total of 80 system identification tables for 16 inorganics metals such as Ferrum, Chromium, Nickel, Zinc, Cuprum I, Cuprum II, Magnesium, Plumbum, Manganese, Molybdenum, Titanium, Vanadium, Lithium, Cobalt, Cadmium and Arsenic was analysed. Four samples were prepared for validation of system identification and found that optimum quality of PETRONAS MACH-5 achieved by increased amount of; Ferrum = 0.04-0.05 ppm, Arsenic = 0.1 ppm, Cobalt = 1.3-1.4 ppm, Cuprum I = 0.3-0.4 ppm, Cuprum II = 0.3-0.4 ppm ppm, Nickel = 0.04-0.05 ppm, Cadmium = 0.1ppm and Titanium =0.03-0.04 ppm. In addition, an attempted of adding Aluminum oxide to the PETRONAS MACH-5 with every 1 L of engine oil, 1 gram was added found not very effective in increasing the quality of PETRONAS MACH-5. By due to the time constraint and the availability of materials, inorganics salts such as Titanium (IV) oxide, Cobalt Chloride, Cadmium Nitrate, Nickel (II) Nitrate Hexahydrate, Arsenic Oxide, Ferum (II) Nitrate and Cuprum were used.
Activated carbon is used in heavy metals removal for water treatment from industrial waste. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the adsorption efficiency of activated carbons (AC) derived from oil palm shell in an adsorption column for removal of beryllium, calcium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, strontium, titanium, vanadium and zinc ions from aqueous solution. Raw palm shell undergoes physical and chemical treatment. It is physically treated by burning at 600°C for 5 hours, followed by chemical treatment using acetone, benzene, cyclohexane, and methanol. AC used are 1) unblended carbon (UC1), 2) blended carbon (BC1), 3) carbon + acetone + benzene treated (BCAB1), 4) carbon + acetone + benzene + cyclohexane treated (BCABC1), 5) carbon + acetone + benzene + cyclohexane + methanol treated (BCABCM1) 6) carbon + acetone + benzene + cyclohexane + methanol treated (BCABCM3). 1st to 5th adsorbents were applied by single adsorption bed, while 6th adsorbents by multiple adsorption beds. The results indicated that removal of metals ions by adsorption has different activity for different adsorbents. For overall adsorption efficiency, AC derived by combination physical, chemical treatment and multiple beds BCABCM3 showed maximum adsorption capacity with the least area under graph, with increase of percentage removal of 92.7% compared to UC1. The high achievement was obtained by the formation of t-shirt shaped pore, which exhibit high pore volume and high surface area. Moreover, the pore formed from up, down, sides of particles and narrow size in the middle of pores exhibit adsorption and inhibit desorption.
Implementing Command, Control, Communication, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) system in the cloud improves sharing of information and collaboration, which dramatically increases mission effectiveness. Many security experts believe that the implementation of the cloud concept in C4I-related applications could provide a new set of security concerns that include, but not limited to, hacking and identity theft. The development of C4I solution using cloud computing is very risky due to several security issues. Such issues must be discussed and analyzed before the development process due to sensitive nature of the C4I system. In this paper, we discussed security issues related to C4I systems. We will also consider all cloud computing vulnerabilities and security issues. Then, we will discuss the feasibility of a secure cloud for C4I solution.
Modern power system networks are operated under highly stressed conditions and there is a risk of voltage instability problems owing to increased load demand. A power system needs to be with sufficient voltage stability margin for secured operation. In this paper, TCSC parameters of location and size along with generator terminal voltages, transformer tap settings are considered as control parameters for voltage stability limit improvement by minimizing loss and voltage deviation at load buses. The control parameters are varied in a coordinated manner for better results. The line based LQP voltage stability indicator is used for voltage stability assessment. This indicator is highly sensitive to change in reactive power flow through a line and suitable for voltage stability assessment when reactive power flow is adjusted. The nature inspired meta heuristic Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) algorithm is exploited for optimization of the control variables and the performance is compared with that of PSO algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is tested on the standard IEEE 30 bus system under normal and N-1 line outage contingency conditions. The results obtained from the simulation encourage the performances of the new algorithm.
Experimental studies in agriculture sector for deriving input supply and output demand is usually obtained by producers\' complete efficiency default in goods production. Deriving the mentioned functions could lead to illusory results without considering inefficiency. This article has investigated the effect of economic inefficiency on output supply and dryland wheat input demand. Therefore, different inefficiencies were estimated using Dual Frontier method and provincial data in 2001-2010 period. In the next step, effective factors on economic inefficiency were investigated. Finally, irrigated wheat input supply and demand have been achieved in two scenarios (the first scenario without considering inefficiency and the second scenario with considering inefficiency). Results showed that government policy in cutting pesticides subsidies leads to a decrease in economic efficiency and cutting the subsidies related to seeds and chemical fertilizer increases the efficiency. Moreover, considering inefficiency, farmers\' reactions toward the prices have changed a lot in both supply and demand.
The main purpose of this study is to explore the effects of innovation types including product, process, marketing and organizational innovation on different aspects of firm performance such as innovative, production, marketing and financial performance in Pakistani manufacturing companies. Data were collected through survey questionnaires from 150 respondents mainly from production, R&D and marketing departments of manufacturing companies. With the help of SPSS, data were analyzed by factor, reliability, correlation, and regression analysis. The results reveal the positive effects of innovation types on firm performance. Theoretical and managerial implications along with limitations for future research have also been discussed.
In this paper, we proposed the concept of sequential fractional H-differentiability which is\nconstructed based on the Hukuhara difference. Simultaneously, we applied such definition for\nsolving fuzzy sequential fractional differential equations (FSFDEs) of the form\n \nBy using the fuzzy Laplace transforms method. In order to solve FSFDEs using mentioned\nmethod, it is necessary to know the fuzzy Laplace transform of the Riemann-Liouville sequential\nfractional H-derivative of the same order , of the function f, . The virtue\nof is that can be written in terms of . At the end, some examples are\npresented to illustrate the utility of Laplace transforms method.
In this study, two-dimensional model was developed for a single proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The model was used for a complete cell which includes the cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL), anode gas diffusion layer and membrane. This model Consists of mass transfer in the GDLs, electrochemistry reaction in catalyst layers, charge transfer and energy transport in all parts of the fuel cell. The spherical agglomerate approach was used to describe cathode catalyst layer. The governing equations were solved by finite element method. The mathematical model can predict the PEM fuel cell behavior in different conditions and configurations which is the advantage of this model. The Results show performance of fuel cell in interdigitated and parallel flow fields, in which best conditions and configurations were determined. In this work, better performance of fuel cell with interdigitated flow field was observed in comparison with in parallel flow field.
This research has studied amount of utilizing real options by financial managers who are responsible for investment in firms and financial experts\' view about real options importance in investment decisions. According to the studies about real options in major in European countries and the USA, some factors can influence real options including strategic costs. information technology, flexibility in process and product, multi-step investment and R&D costs. Therefore, we designed Fuzzy and AHP questionnaires in order to inquire financial managers\' and experts\' view about the above factors. According to the results, although managers do not have academic knowledge with real options, they utilized these options and did as experts.
The transient hydromagneticCouette flow through a porous medium between two infinite parallel porous plates is studied with heat transfer considering the Hall effect and temperature dependent physical properties under constant pressure gradient. The upper plate moves with a uniform velocity while an external uniform magnetic field and a uniform suction and injection are applied perpendicular to the horizontal plates. A numerical solution for the governing non-linear coupled set of the momentum equations and the energy equation including the viscous and Joule dissipations is adopted. The effect of the porosity of the medium, the Hall current and the temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity on both the velocity and temperature distributions is reported.
Abstract\nThe Information Technology has led to remarkable developments in the services provided by both public and private sectors. As a matter of fact the e-service play a major role in contemporary public administrative management, so it\'s commanding influence on organizations and individuals is obvious. Although many countries throughout the world have invested a huge amount in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) projects, especially with respect to e-services, but still the development of this area in public sector organizations has not been as rapid when in comparison with private sector and e-business. It is imperative to grasp the concept of e-services and highlight the challenges faced by the public sector organizations in this respect. Despite of the fact that e-services have considerable potential and value, they may also lead to major changes in the working style of public sector organizations. At the same time, it is important to focus on the solutions for the upcoming challenges posed by the improvement of electronic services in public sector organizations and an innovative and dynamic organizational culture is required to fully absorb and implement the technological changes taking place in current fast paced environment. \nKeywords: E-services, Stakeholders, Public sector organization, Challenges
In this paper, we characterize doubly truncated classes of absolutely continuous distributions by considering the conditional expectation of functions of order statistics. Specific distributions considered as a particular case of the general class of distributions are Weibull, Pareto, Power function, Rayleigh and Inverse Weibull.
This paper presents a type-2 fuzzy logic controller used for face recognition. The process of identifying a face of an individual can be summed up in three phases; face detection, feature extraction, and face recognition. In this system, we are only concerned with the last phase; i.e. the face recognition of the human being. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy type-2 inference system that solely handles the facial recognition process. The reason we decided to tackle the facial recognition problem using fuzzy inference is (1) the use of fuzzy set theory in membership functions allows us to intuitively collect, classify and categorize our training data, (2) the fuzzy inference system (i.e. the if-then rules structure) gives us an intuitive reasoning that mimics the human way of thinking. We have tested our system and compared it with existing facial identification models, and it showed superiority in performance. This is because fuzzy logic is a powerful tool that is able to handle uncertainties existing in data; in our case the person’s facial image.
Creativity has vital impact on organizational performance and when it is the case of service firms, the creativity of frontline employees become more crucial. This study investigates the role of contextual factors such as job complexity and relationship with supervisor on employee creativity that in turn have positive effect on firm’s innovation and performance. This study further investigates that employee intrinsic motivation mediates the relationship between contextual factors and employee creativity. Data were collected through convenient sampling from banking employees working in different branches of seven Pakistani banks operating in Multan city through 164 questionnaires which then analyzed using SPSS 16. The results showed the direct relationship of job complexity and supervisory relationship with employee creativity keeping the mediating variable unaffected. Further, employee creativity has shown significant positive relation with organization innovation capability and firm performance. Managerial implications, limitations and recommendations for future research have also been discussed.
In this paper, a detailed analysis of FPGA implementation of Rotor Flux based MRAS Rotor Resistance Estimator using Neural Learning Algorithm is presented to enhance the performance of Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive. Among all the parameters the rotor resistance of the Induction Motor is of prime importance as it vary with temperature, frequency and skew effect. The torque and flux responses of the vector controlled induction motor drive together with the rotor resistance estimator is investigated with the help of MATLAB simulation. The rotor resistance is verified experimentally, with Rotor Flux based MRAS Rotor resistance estimator using Neural Learning Algorithm (NLRF-MRAS) implemented in FPGA. Simulation and Experimental results have been presented to confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the technique.
When examined in the light of some view, women generally commit petty crimes such as prostitution and theft. It has been recently observed that women, although not many and serious as men do, commit heavy crime such as murder. It is questioned why women, encumbered with motherhood and wifehood through social gender expectation and fulfilling these roles successfully, commit felony like murder. Leaded by this idea, 8 female from Eskişehir Çifteler Closed Prison and Detention House for Female – 2 imprisoned and 6 convicted were interviewed with. It is concluded after the interviews that women were abused, went to police many times, reported to police many times and as the last resort murdered the person who hurt them. \nKeywords \nwoman murder, crime, female prison, Turkey
In this paper, a combination of periodic and continuous review inventory system is investigated for multi-item under stochastic demands and budget constraint. To determine the optimum order quantity and the common cycle time, which minimize the total cost for each item, a simulation model is constructed using real data from a neonatal intensive care unit of a research hospital. The constructed simulation model of stochastic joint replenishment problem is solved using OptQuest from the Arena software.
In this paper, we propose a new structure of indexing and images retrieval process based on feature extraction by multi-resolution wavelet network (MRWN) modeling and a Fuzzy Decision Support System (FDSS) for measuring similarity. First, each query image is modeled by a MRWN of hybrid and optimal architecture, then, for the determination of visual characteristics called low levels, this network is used. The moments calculated using detail weights of the MRWN for different levels will form together the shape descriptor while the energies of the approximation weights are computed to determine texture descriptor. The FDSS is used to determine the closest benchmark images to the query image in term of texture and shape. Sorting images is then performed by a proposed algorithm measuring the degree of similarity in color between the query image and the images resulted from the decision by fuzzy logic.
The herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most extensively applied pesticides for the control of broad-leaved weeds in fields worldwide and known to be highly toxic. High usage and poor biodegradability of 2,4-D has resulted in its ubiquitous presence in the environment and has led to contamination of water resources. At present study, adsorption of 2,4-D from aqueous solution onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was investigated using a batch system. The effect of various operating parameters such as initial concentration of 2,4-D (1000,3000,5000 µg/L), contact time (5-75 min), concentration of MWCNTs (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mg/L) and pH (3-13) was investigated. Equilibrium isotherms were used to identify the possible mechanism of the adsorption process. Maximum adsorption capacity of the MWCNTs was 965.6 mg/g at pH 5, contact time 30 min, initial concentration of 2,4-D 5000 µg/L and 23±2 ◦C temperature, when 96.56% of the 2,4-D herbicide was removed. The adsorption equilibriums were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It was found that the data fitted to Langmuir (R2=0.9998) better than Freundlich (R2=0.9987) model. According to achieved results, it was defined that MWCNTs is a quite effective adsorbent in removal of 2,4-D from aqueous environments.
Abstract\nObjective:To discover frequency of biopsied oral lesions in Iranian elderlies.\nBackground:Data about frequency of biopsied oral lesions in Iranian population are lacking.\nMaterials and methods:A total of 3506 records of archives of Oral Pathology Department of Mashhad Dental School –from 1997 to 2007-were analyzed and two age groups were selected :40 to 60 years old(middle-aged group;MAG) and >60 years old (elderlies; EG).information about sex age and histopathological diagnosis were analyzed between two groups.\nResults: 1369 records were eligible. Tumor like lesions were the most frequent diagnostic group with the irritation fibroma as the most frequent single diagnosis in whole study population. Epithelial lesions were more common in EG and Leukoplakia and Squamous cell carcinoma were significantly higher in EG (p<0.05). Malignant lesions were significantly higher in EG than MAG (3:1). Oral lichen planus was higher in MAG than EG.\nConclusion: Emphasize on frequency of biopsied oral lesion in elderlies can give better understanding of treatment needs.
Four multiparous Holstein cows, 70 to 95 days postpartum, were allotted to two groups of 2 cows, according to calving date, lactation number and daily milk production and assigned randomly to one of two diets. The control diet was 51% alfalfa hay and contained barley grain, soy bean meal and wheat bran in proportions to ensure that the dietary dry matter contained 15.5 % crude protein, 11.5 MJ metablizable energy/kg DM and 15% crude fiber. The treatment diets contained ensiled wet tomato pomace at 15% (dry basis) replacing alfalfa hay and soybean meal. The two diets were offered individually, in tie-stalls, as total mixed rations in two equal proportions for ad libitum intakes. Dry matter intakes, actual milk production and milk composition were not affected by the diet. In contrast, supplementation with ensiled wet tomato pomace decreased 4% fat corrected milk production (17.9 vs. 16.7 kg/day; P<0.05). No differences were observed in blood metabolite concentrations of glucose, total protein, urea, triglyceride, cholesterol, calcium and phosphorus.\nKey words: tomato pomace, milk production, milk composition.
Abstract:\nBackground and objective: Mental health of the welfare state is coping with society, personal and social characteristics and satisfied position. Mental health promotion is reduced mental disorders while behavioral and exercise strategies are used to enhance mental health. The purpose of this study, to determine the efficacy of designed sports on mental health of girl students. Material and methods: This experimental study was performed with pretest – posttest along with control group. The statistical society was girl students from Anar City in Iran. The sampling method was simple random sampling, So that after the random selection of two high school girls, all students (480 people) were filled the SCL-90 questionnaire. The 60 students with GSI≥1 were selected and randomized in two groups (case group = 30 students) and (control group = 30students). Pretest information was collected by SCL-90 questionnaire. The case group participated at a training program in 45 min in two times every week for 4 weeks. Posttest scores of both groups were collected and the data were analyzed using SPSS Software and Co-variance test. Results: AS results shown, there is no significant difference between scores of anxiety, depression, aggression, somatization and interpersonal sensitivity in the pre-test while after the training of the case group, test scores significantly decreased (P <0.05). Conclusion: Designed station sports can reduce the anxiety, depression, aggression, somatization and interpersonal sensitivity in girls students and enhance mental health. Key words: Designed station sports, mental health, anxiety, depression, aggression, interpersonal sensitivity , somatization.
This study aims to identify suitable adhesives for the conservation and restoration of historical Zelkova Carpinifolia wood located in wet conditions. The Superficial properties and hardness of 14 compounds treated with several consolidants were compared. The consolidants have been applied alone, with synthetic resin or with protein glues and natural resins by the brushing method. Colorimetric measurements, observation methods and hardness tests were conducted before and after aging to verify the possible changes of the treated wood and the consolidating resistance. The compound 1:2 of Butvar B98 and sandarac in 5% ethanol was found to be more effective, providing a suitable compound compared to the other consolidants tested.
This research aimed to analyze the body composition and healthy life-style profile behaviors (HPLP-II) between Physical Education teachers using physical activities frequently as an occupation and other branch teachers not embracing any of activities. \n353 Physical Education and 439 different branch teachers were taken on this research. Body compositions were obtained by bioelectricity impedance methodology and healthy life styles were reached by “HPLP-II scale”. The significance levels were taken as p<0.05. \nA significant difference between Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Hip Ratio was observed (p<0.05). In one hand it was observed only one difference between HPLP-II scale nutrition habit percentage points, on the other hand a meaningful difference in favor of Physical Education teachers was observed between health responsibility, exercise, realization oneself, support between people, management of stress and total scores of scale. It was confirmed that 64.3 % of male teachers and 79.4 % of female teachers were on their normal weight interval in conformity with their body types. \nIn conclusion, it was observed that male physical education teachers were overweight in comparison with other teachers. It was seen that there was no important difference in terms of body composition between Physical Education teachers and other teachers.\nKey Words: Teacher, body composition, health promoting life-style-HPLP-II, nutrition, exercise.
This paper illustrates mathematical modelling and analysis of D-STATCOM under steady-state operation for load voltage regulation by injecting only reactive power into the system. This work derives a set of dynamic equations of a power distribution system equipped with an installed D-STATCOM. These dynamic equations are determined with respect to the synchronous reference frame. Therefore, the steady-state equations can be obtained. An amount of the apparent power of the D-STATCOM for the load voltage regulation insulting from load power variation and source voltage sag are considered and compared. As a result, the maximum load power and the minimum source voltage that the D-STATCOM can regulate the load voltage without injecting the active power into the system are summarized.
Abstract\nPurpose – This paper aims to examine the influence of organizational culture on the knowledge sharing in the Cement Factory in Soufian city in Tabriz- Iran.\nDesign/methodology/approach – Based on a literature review, a model of the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge sharing was formulated, and both organizational culture characteristics and knowledge sharing were measured empirically to investigate how various organizational culture traits influenced knowledge sharing, by administrating questionnaires to respondents in organizations with significant use of information systems.\nFindings – The research findings indicate that involvement, consistency, adoptability, mission and organization structure are positively related to knowledge sharing in Soufian Cement Factories.\nResearch limitations/implications – This study employed perceptual measures of knowledge sharing in the quantitative analysis. Future studies should also explore whether the findings of this study have generalizability beyond the other industries.\nPractical implications – The study provides insights into the management of cultural organization in contexts where Knowledge sharing is characterized by high levels of trust and commitment.\nOriginality/value – On the basis of a large sample empirical analysis these research results give evidence for the importance of Management of organizational culture in the facilitating knowledge sharing in the contexts.\nKeywords – organizational culture, knowledge sharing, partial least squares\nPaper type – Research paper
The aim of this paper is too diagnose the type of thyroid disease and to decide on the duration until the next consultation by using a fuzzy inference system. A Mamdani type Fuzzy Inference System is designed by taking into account the laboratory values of TSH, FT3, and FT4 hor-mones. The data set is obtained from the University of California at Irvine (UCI) machine learn-ing repository. Fuzzy rules in this system are modeled in accordance with a physician’s decision-making mechanism. We compared five of the widely used defuzzification methods in order to obtain crisp results. The results indicate that using fuzzy inference system is successful in di-agnosing the type of thyroid with approximately 96% classification accuracy. Moreover, the time period until the next blood test and consultation can also be determined and crisp results can be obtained by using defuzzification methods. The best defuzzification strategy is found to be the smallest of maxima in terms of closeness, i.e. smallest sum of square of errors, to the physician’s decision.
The data modification in a problem can have impact on its optimal solution. This issue is considered as sensitivity analysis. A lot of studies in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) have considered the data modification of inputs and outputs in DMUs in order to keep their classification in the efficient or inefficient classes. In this paper some models have been presented which by using them can divide one or multiple sources (inputs) between DMUs in a way that a specific inefficient DMU will become efficient. In additional, another model has been\npresented which by using it can be divided one source between DMUs in a way that the most\ninefficient DMUS will become efficient. Finally the presented models are utilized for two set of\ndata and results are reported.
Recently, radio-frequency identification (RFID) has been playing an important role in the manufacturing area and industries. In general, RFID technology fulfills its act well-behaved especially in complicated systems for identifying each object to be distinguished where it is located. Moreover, it competes with other automated identification technologies e.g. barcodes and smart cards with regarding to high speed scanning, reliability and accuracy. On the other hand, workflow simulation is an effective factor to investigate workflow scheduling and evaluate system performance. The main aim of this study is to design RFID-based production line and RFID lab by 3D modeling and in conjunction with virtual reality technology, using Delmia Quest software which provides the best environment for engineers to portray their applications. In this situation, the model shows us how RFID appears well suited technology. An RFID lab is a kind of laboratories where can be used for the automatic identification of stuff. Moreover, it strives to provide an appropriate place for universities and companies to test their applications in the RFID context and simulate the logistical process by a real system. This paper describes the role of RFID for two case studies. In both cases 3D models and animations created to catch all processes in the shop floor and depict them. In the first case RFID helps to make decision and find distinct processing immediately in an assumed production line in order save time and cost. The next one focuses on the role of RFID to detect bottlenecks and find real-time solutions for the problem which may occur in any manufacturing line. This methodology is applicable for any small and medium-sized manufacturing shop floors.
This paper tested empirically the factors that affect the re-visiting intention by Iranian restaurant customers. As base model, we used the theory of reasoned action (TRA) and theory of planned behavior (TPB). The model surveyed influence of TRA and TPB constructs on satisfaction, desire and commitment to get more investigation about customer re-visiting process. Using structural equation analysis, the proposed relationships were examined in a chain service restaurants setting. A survey involving total of 369 customers of the famous chain restaurants in Tehran and also confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the measurement efficacies. The findings showed, behavioral beliefs, control beliefs, perceived behavioral control, attitude, satisfaction, desire and commitment are significant predictors of customers’ re-visit intention. Moreover the results indicated that customer satisfaction has the most influence on customer re-visiting intention while the impact of switching cost and restaurant Atmospherics were not meaningful on customer re-visiting intention. Finally Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Human always tried to create a suitable situation for their life according to environmental conditions. In fact, geography has an important role in the shape of our living area. Iran also as a four-season country has different climate type: hot and humid, hot and dry, mid and humid, and cold; therefore, we can find different architecture styles in Iran. Gilan’s traditional architecture is a suitable sample of sustainable construction in Iran. Because the main factors of every dwelling are the climatic, social, economic and cultural effects which demonstrate the interaction between environment and people settlement.\nThis paper was determined the interaction between environmental factors and the rural dwellings in the Gilan province. Also, traditional village (city) of Masouleh as a rare sample of rural and sustainable architecture was introduced.
The present study examines the representation of culture in the ESL textbooks and observes to what extent these textbooks promote cultural nativization and globalization. The model presented by Byram et al. has been followed for this purpose. The content analysis of the textbooks reveals that the authors have focused only the Islamic and national culture. The results reveal that, throughout the books, attention remains to be on iconic personalities of Islam, Islamic morality, Islamic history and on the national heroes, national geography and national cultural heritage. The representation of international and global cultural elements is not sufficient. The textbooks should be moderate enough to enable the learners to view the world not only as presented within a limited setting but also to see the globe from various standpoints which may consequently enable them to compare their own cultural perspective with that of others. This will broaden learners’ vision which is demanded by the present age of globalization.
Sorting is one of the most researched problems in the field of computer science, where several algorithms have been proposed. For large input size, QuickSort has proved to be the fastest sorting algorithm. This paper presents an intelligent QuickSort algorithm based on a dynamic pivot selection technique to enhance the average case and eliminate the worst case behaviors of the algorithm. The suggested dynamic pivot selection technique is data-dependent to increase the chances of splitting the array or list into relatively equal sizes in order to reduce the number of recursive calls made for the Quicksort algorithm. Furthermore, the modified algorithm converts the worst case into a best case behavior with Θ(n) execution time. The algorithm is intelligent enough to recognize a sorted array or sub-array that doesn’t require further processing.
In this paper, new structures of two-dimensional periodic photonic crystals in the form of dielectric rods with different geometric shape are presented. All photonic crystals presented in this paper are in a square lattice. Band structure and photonic band gap limitation graph of these structures are obtained by using numerical method of plane wave expansion for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The simulation results for these structures show different photonic band gaps width and places for different structures and modes
